Remote sensing supports agricultural water management by mapping crop and soil water status across fields. In the SWIR, strong water absorption features are used to estimate canopy/leaf water content, while microwave data can track surface moisture. Vertical water variation within the canopy (upper vs. lower layers) can be assessed with hyperspectral measurements and radiative transfer modeling to separate signals from top and lower leaves. Water stress is detected by linking reduced water-content signals with thermal indicators such as elevated canopy temperature and decreased evapotranspiration. Time-series imagery can also identify irrigation type from characteristic wetting patterns and timing.