This dataset is part of a PhD research project investigating the impacts of armed conflict on water management in the Middle East. It contains the primary data collected in the context of a case study on the Gaza Strip, covering several localities within the territory. Data collection took place between June 2018 and March 2019 in collaboration between the University of Twente and the Islamic University of Gaza through the Palestinian-Dutch Academic Cooperation Programme on Water (PADUCO) project 'Multi-Level Contextual Factors of Local Water Management in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.' The dataset also contains a list of secondary data sources, most of which are publicly available.