Abstract
Two-dimensional (2-D) plain radiographs may be insufficient for the evaluation of distal radial malunion, as it is a three-dimensional (3-D) deformity. This study introduced a 3-D measuring method that outputs radial inclination, ulnar variance, palmar tilt and axial rotation. To this end, a standardized and clearly defined coordinate system was constructed that allowed 3-D measurements closely resembling the conventional 2-D method in 35 patients. Mean differences between 3-D and 2-D measurements in affected wrists were 1.8° for radial inclination, 0.8 mm for ulnar variance and 3.7° for palmar tilt. In addition, inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of all 3-D and 2-D measurements were good or excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.75), with 3-D reproducibility always better than 2-D. Axial rotation was present in all patients with a mean of 7.9° (SD 6.9). Although the differences between 2-D and 3-D measurements were small, 3-D evaluation enables the assessment of axial rotation and brings us closer to a routine 3-D evaluation of malunion.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 546-553 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | Journal of Hand Surgery: European Volume |
Volume | 49 |
Issue number | 5 |
Early online date | 21 Nov 2023 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - May 2024 |
Keywords
- UT-Hybrid-D
- diagnostics
- palmar tilt
- Radial inclination
- radius malunion
- ulnar length
- volar tilt
- axial rotation