Adaptive learning and instruction with augmented reality: A scoping review

Recent educational research emphasizes adaptivity in learning environments, driven by advancements in educational technology. Integrating adaptive learning with immersive media like augmented reality (AR) offers innovative possibilities, though feasibility varies. This scoping review explores state-of-the-art implementations of adaptive learning in AR. The systematic literature analysis aims to uncover examples ranging from concepts, developments, and evaluations, addressing specific research questions. The results with N = 32 included papers show that various AR and adaptive learning implementations can already be found in the literature, including content, support, and presentation adaptivity based on different data streams. A specific AR-based application includes the combination of location-based information with adaptive learning. Many of the described papers were still concepts or prototypes, so next steps will be to actually implement the systems in learning settings. For a more detailed analysis of the literature, a systematic review of these papers is planned.