TY - JOUR
T1 - African volcanic emissions influencing atmospheric aerosols over the Amazon rain forest
AU - Saturno, Jorge
AU - Ditas, Florian
AU - Penning De Vries, M.
AU - Holanda, Bruna A.
AU - Pöhlker, Mira L.
AU - Carbone, Samara
AU - Walter, David
AU - Bobrowski, Nicole
AU - Brito, Joel
AU - Chi, Xuguang
AU - Gutmann, Alexandra
AU - De Angelis, Isabella Hrabe
AU - Machado, Luiz A.T.
AU - Moran-Zuloaga, Daniel
AU - Rüdiger, Julian
AU - Schneider, Johannes
AU - Schulz, Christiane
AU - Wang, Qiaoqiao
AU - Wendisch, Manfred
AU - Artaxo, Paulo
AU - Wagner, Thomas
AU - Pöschl, Ulrich
AU - Andreae, Meinrat O.
AU - Pöhlker, Christopher
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements. This work has been supported by the Max Planck Society (MPG) and the Paul Crutzen Graduate School (PCGS). For the operation of the ATTO site, we acknowledge the support of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF contract 01LB1001A) and the Brazilian Min-istério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI/FINEP contract 01.11.01248.00) as well as the Amazon State University (UEA), FAPEAM, LBA/INPA, and SDS/CEUC/RDS-Uatumã. We acknowledge the generous support of the ACRIDICON-CHUVA campaign by the Max Planck Society, the German Aerospace Center (DLR), FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation), and the German Science Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG). This study was also supported by EU Project HAIC under FP7-AAT-2012-3.5.1-1 and by the German Science Foundation within DFG SPP HALO under contract no. VO1504/4-1 and contract no. JU 3059/1-1. The ACRIDICON-CHUVA aircraft measurements presented here were supported by BMBF grant no. 01LG1205E (ROMIC-SPITFIRE) and by DFG (SCHN1138/1-2). This paper contains results of research conducted under the Technical/Scientific Cooperation Agreement between the National Institute for Amazonian Research, the State University of Ama-zonas, and the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft e.V.; the opinions expressed are the entire responsibility of the authors and not of the participating institutions. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA). We would like to especially thank all the people involved in the technical, logistical, and scientific support of the ATTO project, in particular Reiner Ditz, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Alberto Quesada, Niro Higuchi, Susan Trumbore, Matthias Sörgel, Thomas Disper, Andrew Crozier, Uwe Schulz, Steffen Schmidt, Antonio Ocimar Manzi, Alcides Camargo Ribeiro, Hermes Braga Xavier, Elton Mendes da Silva, Nagib Alberto de Castro Souza, Adi Vasconcelos Brandão, Amaury Rodrigues Pereira, Antonio Huxley Melo Nascimento, Feliciano de Souza Coehlo, Thiago de Lima Xavier, Josué Ferreira de Souza, Roberta Pereira de Souza, Bruno Takeshi, and Wallace Rabelo Costa. Jorge Saturno is grateful for PhD scholarship funding from Fundación Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho (Fundayacucho) and acknowledges Loreto Donoso, Martin Brüggemann, and David Cabr-era for support and stimulating discussions. Moreover, we appreciate the support of Jošt V. Lavricˇ, Tobias Könemann, Thomas Klimach, Björn Nillius, Luciana V. Rizzo, Henrique M. Barbosa, Patrick Schlag, Jing Ming, Florian Dinger, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, and Stephan Borrmann. We thank the GoAmazon2014/5 team, in particular Scot T. Martin. We also thank the ACRIDICON-CHUVA campaign team.
Publisher Copyright:
© Author(s) 2018.
PY - 2018/7/23
Y1 - 2018/7/23
N2 - The long-range transport (LRT) of trace gases and aerosol particles plays an important role for the composition of the Amazonian rain forest atmosphere. Sulfate aerosols originate to a substantial extent from LRT sources and play an important role in the Amazonian atmosphere as strongly light-scattering particles and effective cloud condensation nuclei. The transatlantic transport of volcanic sulfur emissions from Africa has been considered as a source of particulate sulfate in the Amazon; however, direct observations have been lacking so far. This study provides observational evidence for the influence of emissions from the Nyamuragira-Nyiragongo volcanoes in Africa on Amazonian aerosol properties and atmospheric composition during September 2014. Comprehensive ground-based and airborne aerosol measurements together with satellite observations are used to investigate the volcanic event. Under the volcanic influence, hourly mean sulfate mass concentrations in the submicron size range reached up to 3.6 μg mĝ'3 at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory, the highest value ever reported in the Amazon region. The substantial sulfate injection increased the aerosol hygroscopicity with i° values up to 0.36, thus altering aerosol-cloud interactions over the rain forest. Airborne measurements and satellite data indicate that the transatlantic transport of volcanogenic aerosols occurred in two major volcanic plumes with a sulfate-enhanced layer between 4 and 5 km of altitude. This study demonstrates how African aerosol sources, such as volcanic sulfur emissions, can substantially affect the aerosol cycling and atmospheric processes in Amazonia.
AB - The long-range transport (LRT) of trace gases and aerosol particles plays an important role for the composition of the Amazonian rain forest atmosphere. Sulfate aerosols originate to a substantial extent from LRT sources and play an important role in the Amazonian atmosphere as strongly light-scattering particles and effective cloud condensation nuclei. The transatlantic transport of volcanic sulfur emissions from Africa has been considered as a source of particulate sulfate in the Amazon; however, direct observations have been lacking so far. This study provides observational evidence for the influence of emissions from the Nyamuragira-Nyiragongo volcanoes in Africa on Amazonian aerosol properties and atmospheric composition during September 2014. Comprehensive ground-based and airborne aerosol measurements together with satellite observations are used to investigate the volcanic event. Under the volcanic influence, hourly mean sulfate mass concentrations in the submicron size range reached up to 3.6 μg mĝ'3 at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory, the highest value ever reported in the Amazon region. The substantial sulfate injection increased the aerosol hygroscopicity with i° values up to 0.36, thus altering aerosol-cloud interactions over the rain forest. Airborne measurements and satellite data indicate that the transatlantic transport of volcanogenic aerosols occurred in two major volcanic plumes with a sulfate-enhanced layer between 4 and 5 km of altitude. This study demonstrates how African aerosol sources, such as volcanic sulfur emissions, can substantially affect the aerosol cycling and atmospheric processes in Amazonia.
KW - ITC-CV
U2 - 10.5194/acp-18-10391-2018
DO - 10.5194/acp-18-10391-2018
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85050661319
SN - 1680-7316
VL - 18
SP - 10391
EP - 10405
JO - Atmospheric chemistry and physics
JF - Atmospheric chemistry and physics
IS - 14
ER -