TY - JOUR
T1 - An experimental approach to reproduce in-plane fiber waviness in thermoplastic composites test coupons using a reverse forming method
AU - Sitohang, R.D.R.
AU - Grouve, W.J.B.
AU - Warnet, L.L.
AU - Koussios, S.
AU - Akkerman, R.
N1 - Funding Information:
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial and technical support from the industrial and academic members of the ThermoPlastic composites Research Center (TPRC), as well as the support funding from the Province of Overijssel for improving the regional knowledge position within the Technology Base Twente initiative.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2021.
PY - 2022/2/1
Y1 - 2022/2/1
N2 - In-plane fiber waviness is one of the defects that can occur from the stamp-forming process of thermoplastic composite (TPC) parts. The influence of this defect on the mechanical performance of multidirectional composites is not yet fully understood. The main challenge in determining the influence on mechanical properties lies in reproducing the waviness in test coupons that can subsequently be subjected to testing. This paper describes an experimental approach to reproduce representative in-plane waviness defects, specific for TPC, by reverse-forming of V-shape parts of various bend angles and inner radii. Characterization results show that this method enables the manufacturing of localized in-plane waviness in flat 24-ply quasi-isotropic C/PEEK composites with no voids. Furthermore, laminates having varying levels of maximum waviness angle ((Formula presented.)), between 14° to 64°, were successfully produced in this work. By comparing the (Formula presented.) value with the examples of industrial stamp-formed parts, it can be concluded that the developed coupon manufacturing method can reproduce waviness from TPC part production reasonably well. Finally, all of the produced laminates have defective region lengths smaller than 20 mm, localized within a predefined location which makes them well suited for standard compression test coupons.
AB - In-plane fiber waviness is one of the defects that can occur from the stamp-forming process of thermoplastic composite (TPC) parts. The influence of this defect on the mechanical performance of multidirectional composites is not yet fully understood. The main challenge in determining the influence on mechanical properties lies in reproducing the waviness in test coupons that can subsequently be subjected to testing. This paper describes an experimental approach to reproduce representative in-plane waviness defects, specific for TPC, by reverse-forming of V-shape parts of various bend angles and inner radii. Characterization results show that this method enables the manufacturing of localized in-plane waviness in flat 24-ply quasi-isotropic C/PEEK composites with no voids. Furthermore, laminates having varying levels of maximum waviness angle ((Formula presented.)), between 14° to 64°, were successfully produced in this work. By comparing the (Formula presented.) value with the examples of industrial stamp-formed parts, it can be concluded that the developed coupon manufacturing method can reproduce waviness from TPC part production reasonably well. Finally, all of the produced laminates have defective region lengths smaller than 20 mm, localized within a predefined location which makes them well suited for standard compression test coupons.
KW - Defects
KW - Stamp forming
KW - Thermoplastic composites
KW - Waviness
KW - UT-Hybrid-D
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85108112655&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/00219983211026734
DO - 10.1177/00219983211026734
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85108112655
SN - 0021-9983
VL - 56
SP - 561
EP - 574
JO - Journal of composite materials
JF - Journal of composite materials
IS - 4
ER -