Aromatic nitrations by mixed acid. Fast liquid-liquid regime

J.M. Zaldivar; J.M. Zaldivar; E.J. Molga; M.A. Alos; H. Hernandez; K.R. Westerterp

doi:10.1016/0255-2701(95)04119-2

Aromatic nitrations by mixed acid. Fast liquid-liquid regime

J.M. Zaldivar, J.M. Zaldivar, E.J. Molga, M.A. Alos, H. Hernandez, K.R. Westerterp

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Abstract

Aromatic nitration by mixed acid was selected as a specific case of heterogeneous liquid-liquid reaction. An extensive experimental programme was followed using adiabatic and heat flow calorimetry and pilot reactor experiments, supported by chemical analysis. A series of nitration experiments was carried out to study the influence of different initial and operating conditions, such as temperature, stirring speed, feed rate and sulphuric acid concentration. In parallel, a mathematical model to predict the overall conversion rate was developed. In this paper, the mathematical modelling, implementation and experimental validation for mononitrations of benzene, toluene and chlorobenzene in the mass transfer controlled regime of fast liquid-liquid reactions are presented and discussed.

Original language	Undefined
Pages (from-to)	91-105
Number of pages	15
Journal	Chemical engineering and processing : process intensification
Volume	35
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/0255-2701(95)04119-2
Publication status	Published - 1996

Keywords

METIS-106221
IR-11554

Access to Document

10.1016/0255-2701(95)04119-2

Zaldivar96aromatic
open

Cite this

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title = "Aromatic nitrations by mixed acid. Fast liquid-liquid regime",

abstract = "Aromatic nitration by mixed acid was selected as a specific case of heterogeneous liquid-liquid reaction. An extensive experimental programme was followed using adiabatic and heat flow calorimetry and pilot reactor experiments, supported by chemical analysis. A series of nitration experiments was carried out to study the influence of different initial and operating conditions, such as temperature, stirring speed, feed rate and sulphuric acid concentration. In parallel, a mathematical model to predict the overall conversion rate was developed. In this paper, the mathematical modelling, implementation and experimental validation for mononitrations of benzene, toluene and chlorobenzene in the mass transfer controlled regime of fast liquid-liquid reactions are presented and discussed.",

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year = "1996",

doi = "10.1016/0255-2701(95)04119-2",

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T1 - Aromatic nitrations by mixed acid. Fast liquid-liquid regime

AU - Zaldivar, J.M.

AU - Molga, E.J.

AU - Alos, M.A.

AU - Hernandez, H.

AU - Westerterp, K.R.

PY - 1996

Y1 - 1996

N2 - Aromatic nitration by mixed acid was selected as a specific case of heterogeneous liquid-liquid reaction. An extensive experimental programme was followed using adiabatic and heat flow calorimetry and pilot reactor experiments, supported by chemical analysis. A series of nitration experiments was carried out to study the influence of different initial and operating conditions, such as temperature, stirring speed, feed rate and sulphuric acid concentration. In parallel, a mathematical model to predict the overall conversion rate was developed. In this paper, the mathematical modelling, implementation and experimental validation for mononitrations of benzene, toluene and chlorobenzene in the mass transfer controlled regime of fast liquid-liquid reactions are presented and discussed.

AB - Aromatic nitration by mixed acid was selected as a specific case of heterogeneous liquid-liquid reaction. An extensive experimental programme was followed using adiabatic and heat flow calorimetry and pilot reactor experiments, supported by chemical analysis. A series of nitration experiments was carried out to study the influence of different initial and operating conditions, such as temperature, stirring speed, feed rate and sulphuric acid concentration. In parallel, a mathematical model to predict the overall conversion rate was developed. In this paper, the mathematical modelling, implementation and experimental validation for mononitrations of benzene, toluene and chlorobenzene in the mass transfer controlled regime of fast liquid-liquid reactions are presented and discussed.

KW - METIS-106221

KW - IR-11554

U2 - 10.1016/0255-2701(95)04119-2

DO - 10.1016/0255-2701(95)04119-2

M3 - Article

VL - 35

SP - 91

EP - 105

JO - Chemical engineering and processing : process intensification

JF - Chemical engineering and processing : process intensification

SN - 0255-2701

IS - 2

ER -