TY - JOUR
T1 - Aromatic nitrations by mixed acid
T2 - Slow liquid-liquid reaction regime
AU - Zaldivar, J.M.
AU - Molga, E.J.
AU - Alos, M.A.
AU - Hernandez, H.
AU - Westerterp, K.R.
PY - 1995
Y1 - 1995
N2 - Aromatic nitrations by mixed acid have been selected as a specific case of a heterogeneous liquid-liquid reaction. An extensive experimental programme has been followed using adiabatic and heat-flow calorimetry and pilot reactor experiments, supported by chemical analysis. A series of nitration experiments has been carried out to study the influences of different initial and operating conditions such as temperature, stirring speed and sulphuric acid concentration. In parallel, a mathematical model to predict the overall conversion rate has been developed. In this paper the mathematical modelling and the implementation and experimental validation for benzene, toluene and chlorobenzene mononitration in the kinetic control regime (slow liquid-liquid reaction) are presented and discussed.
AB - Aromatic nitrations by mixed acid have been selected as a specific case of a heterogeneous liquid-liquid reaction. An extensive experimental programme has been followed using adiabatic and heat-flow calorimetry and pilot reactor experiments, supported by chemical analysis. A series of nitration experiments has been carried out to study the influences of different initial and operating conditions such as temperature, stirring speed and sulphuric acid concentration. In parallel, a mathematical model to predict the overall conversion rate has been developed. In this paper the mathematical modelling and the implementation and experimental validation for benzene, toluene and chlorobenzene mononitration in the kinetic control regime (slow liquid-liquid reaction) are presented and discussed.
U2 - 10.1016/0255-2701(95)04111-7
DO - 10.1016/0255-2701(95)04111-7
M3 - Article
SN - 0255-2701
VL - 34
SP - 543
EP - 559
JO - Chemical engineering and processing : process intensification
JF - Chemical engineering and processing : process intensification
IS - 6
ER -