Assessing the implications of net-zero emissions pathways: An analysis of the Indonesian power sector

The Paris Agreement goal to limit global warming to 1.5 °C calls for a net-zero emission society by around 2050. This paper assesses the implications of the Indonesian power sector’s pledge to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 in terms of technology adoption, costs, and CO2 emissions. Two scenarios of net-zero emissions pathways are simulated using the Low Emission Analysis Platform (LEAP) software. Results show that the entire renewable energy potentials of Indonesia must be utilized to achieve the net-zero emissions target, complemented with nuclear. Furthermore, energy storage plays an important role to balance the intermittent characteristics of variable renewable energy. The net-zero emissions target can be achieved with the total costs of capacity expansion at 147 billion USD in the 100% new and renewable energy scenario, and 156 billion USD in the other scenario that deploys Carbon Capture and Storage.