Augmented reality for IT/OT failures in maintenance operations of digitized trains: Current status, research challenges and future directions

The railway industry is moving towards a complex socio-technological system that relies on computer control and human-machine interfaces. Digitization and convergence of information technology (IT) with operational technology (OT) becomes increasingly important. Therefore, enabling innovations, lowering costs, increasing safety systems, enhancing performance, and increasing flexibility gains. In this scenario, opportunities arise for Augmented Reality (AR) capabilities to enhance maintenance operations of digitized trains. Initial research and tests have enabled training technicians and assistance of train drivers during specific activities by facilitating interactions with machines that go beyond traditional training manuals. Despite the positive results AR has shown, there are no specific indications available regarding the 'deployability' of the technology related to maintenance tasks. This position paper presents arguable boundaries and challenges for a structural appraisal of AR on maintenance operations of IT/OT converged trains. Potential AR solutions and specifications were based on current maintenance operations. Semi-structured interviews and surveys were conducted with maintenance providers to determine existing challenges. Moreover, the paper comprises an analysis to reveal the potential application AR has in maintenance procedures of digitized trains. Finally, this paper provides future research directions of AR technologies related to maintenance procedures of trains.