Abstract
In a perception experiment, we systematically varied the quantity, type and timing of backchannels. Participants viewed stimuli of a real speaker side-by-side with an animated listener and rated how human-like they perceived the latter's backchannel behavior. In addition, we obtained measures of appropriateness and optionality for each backchannel from key strokes. This approach allowed us to analyze the influence of each of the factors on entire fragments and on individual backchannels. The originally performed type and timing of a backchannel appeared to be more human-like, compared to a switched type or random timing. In addition, we found that nods are more often appropriate than vocalizations. For quantity, too few or too many backchannels per minute appeared to reduce the quality of the behavior. These findings are important for the design of algorithms for the automatic generation of backchannel behavior for artificial listeners.
Original language | Undefined |
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Title of host publication | International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA 2011) |
Editors | H.H. Vilhjálmsson, S. Kopp, S. Marsella, K.R. Thórisson |
Place of Publication | Berlin |
Publisher | Springer |
Pages | 228-239 |
Number of pages | 12 |
ISBN (Print) | 978-3-642-23973-1 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Sept 2011 |
Event | 11th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, IVA 2011 - Reykjavik, Iceland Duration: 15 Sept 2011 → 17 Sept 2011 Conference number: 11 |
Publication series
Name | Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Publisher | Springer Verlag |
Volume | 6895 |
Conference
Conference | 11th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, IVA 2011 |
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Abbreviated title | IVA |
Country/Territory | Iceland |
City | Reykjavik |
Period | 15/09/11 → 17/09/11 |
Keywords
- METIS-278827
- Artificial Listener
- Backchannel behavior
- EWI-20575
- Perception
- EC Grant Agreement nr.: FP7/211486
- HMI-IA: Intelligent Agents
- IR-78133