Can a positive psychology intervention cultivating self-compassion enhance mental health by fostering self-compassion and adaptive capacities? Results from a randomized controlled trial

Mindful self-compassion is increasingly recognized as a critical element in positive psychological interventions, serving as a protective factor for mental health. This study investigates the mechanisms behind a multi-component positive psychology intervention designed to enhance mental well-being and reduce mental illness. Using a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design, the study involved 60 participants in the intervention group and 76 in the control group. Participants completed pre- and post-assessments measuring self-compassion, adaptability, anxiety, depression, and well-being. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to analyze the mediating roles of self-compassion and adaptability. Results indicated that the intervention significantly improved mental well-being, and that this improvement was mediated by increases in self-compassion and adaptability. However, these factors did not mediate reductions in participants’ symptoms of depression and anxiety. Findings suggest that the intervention effectively enhances well-being through self-compassion and adaptability, while other mechanisms may account for reductions in mental symptoms.