Centralized urgency to autonomous caution: A Q-method exploration of Dutch citizens’ energy transition visions

This study explores varied sociotechnical visions on the Dutch energy transition from an engaged citizen perspective, thereby moving beyond a binary of support or opposition that often dominates public and policy debates. Existing energy transition literature has primarily emphasized formal and institutionalized visions or imaginaries of incumbent actors, overlooking the viewpoints of citizens that move past this for-or-against stance. Employing Q-methodology, four sociotechnical visions are identified: the Eco-Equitable, Pragmatic Project, Centralized Urgency, and Autonomous Caution. These visions showcase the multiple dimensions on which visions are held, each reflecting their own priorities for the energy transition. The visions diverge in the assessment of the urgency of climate change mitigation and their views on implementation, whether centralized or localized, or with or without an emphasis on social justice. Ultimately, the study accentuates the necessity for nuanced, inclusive dialogues to comprehend the multifaceted nature of citizen-centric energy transitions and how they expand on institutionalized visions of desirable energy transition orders.