TY - JOUR
T1 - Changes in postictal cerebral perfusion are related to the duration of electroconvulsive therapy-induced seizures
AU - Pottkämper, Julia C.M.
AU - Verdijk, Joey P.A.J.
AU - Aalbregt, Eva
AU - Stuiver, Sven
AU - van de Mortel, Laurens
AU - Norris, David G.
AU - van Putten, Michel J.A.M.
AU - Hofmeijer, Jeannette
AU - van Wingen, Guido A.
AU - van Waarde, Jeroen A.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the Dutch National Epilepsy Fund for financially supporting this research (grant number WAR 19‐02). We thank all patients and collaborators from the departments of psychiatry (especially Oscar Buno Heslinga, ECT nurse, and Nancy Sanders, secretary), clinical neurophysiology, and radiology. Specially mentioned should be our group of study volunteers, Marleen Middelman, Simon de Both, Tonia Schouten, Tijn Stolk, Anna Schoonhoven, Nienke Gerards, Nicole de Kruijf, Amber Selie, Arnoud van der Meulen, Tessa Klein, Marlous Verhulst, Gijsbert Schuur, Stanley Pham, Rajco Meuleman, David van Ghroningen, Madelon Thevis, Sanédy Simon, Chantal Staring, Max Roelofs, Robyn van Vehmendahl, Stijn Donker, and Tim van Helden, who helped during EEG and MRI data acquisition.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. Epilepsia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International League Against Epilepsy.
PY - 2024/1
Y1 - 2024/1
N2 - Objective: Postictal symptoms may result from cerebral hypoperfusion, which is possibly a consequence of seizure-induced vasoconstriction. Longer seizures have previously been shown to cause more severe postictal hypoperfusion in rats and epilepsy patients. We studied cerebral perfusion after generalized seizures elicited by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and its relation to seizure duration. Methods: Patients with a major depressive episode who underwent ECT were included. During treatment, 21-channel continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired before the ECT course (baseline) and approximately 1 h after an ECT-induced seizure (postictal) to quantify global and regional gray matter cerebral blood flow (CBF). Seizure duration was assessed from the period of epileptiform discharges on the EEG. Healthy controls were scanned twice to assess test–retest variability. We performed hypothesis-driven Bayesian analyses to study the relation between global and regional perfusion changes and seizure duration. Results: Twenty-four patients and 27 healthy controls were included. Changes in postictal global and regional CBF were correlated with seizure duration. In patients with longer seizure durations, global decrease in CBF reached values up to 28 mL/100 g/min. Regional reductions in CBF were most prominent in the inferior frontal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, and insula (up to 35 mL/100 g/min). In patients with shorter seizures, global and regional perfusion increased (up to 20 mL/100 g/min). These perfusion changes were larger than changes observed in healthy controls, with a maximum median global CBF increase of 12 mL/100 g/min and a maximum median global CBF decrease of 20 mL/100 g/min. Significance: Seizure duration is a key factor determining postictal perfusion changes. In future studies, seizure duration needs to be considered as a confounding factor due to its opposite effect on postictal perfusion.
AB - Objective: Postictal symptoms may result from cerebral hypoperfusion, which is possibly a consequence of seizure-induced vasoconstriction. Longer seizures have previously been shown to cause more severe postictal hypoperfusion in rats and epilepsy patients. We studied cerebral perfusion after generalized seizures elicited by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and its relation to seizure duration. Methods: Patients with a major depressive episode who underwent ECT were included. During treatment, 21-channel continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired before the ECT course (baseline) and approximately 1 h after an ECT-induced seizure (postictal) to quantify global and regional gray matter cerebral blood flow (CBF). Seizure duration was assessed from the period of epileptiform discharges on the EEG. Healthy controls were scanned twice to assess test–retest variability. We performed hypothesis-driven Bayesian analyses to study the relation between global and regional perfusion changes and seizure duration. Results: Twenty-four patients and 27 healthy controls were included. Changes in postictal global and regional CBF were correlated with seizure duration. In patients with longer seizure durations, global decrease in CBF reached values up to 28 mL/100 g/min. Regional reductions in CBF were most prominent in the inferior frontal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, and insula (up to 35 mL/100 g/min). In patients with shorter seizures, global and regional perfusion increased (up to 20 mL/100 g/min). These perfusion changes were larger than changes observed in healthy controls, with a maximum median global CBF increase of 12 mL/100 g/min and a maximum median global CBF decrease of 20 mL/100 g/min. Significance: Seizure duration is a key factor determining postictal perfusion changes. In future studies, seizure duration needs to be considered as a confounding factor due to its opposite effect on postictal perfusion.
KW - UT-Hybrid-D
KW - Cerebral blood flow
KW - Depression
KW - Epilepsy
KW - Seizure duration
KW - Arterial spin labeling
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85178246562&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/epi.17831
DO - 10.1111/epi.17831
M3 - Article
C2 - 37973611
AN - SCOPUS:85178246562
SN - 0013-9580
VL - 65
SP - 177
EP - 189
JO - Epilepsia
JF - Epilepsia
IS - 1
ER -