TY - JOUR
T1 - Cognitive map formation supported by auditory, haptic, and multimodal information in persons with blindness
AU - Ottink, Loes
AU - Buimer, Hendrik
AU - van Raalte, Bram
AU - Doeller, Christian F.
AU - van der Geest, Thea M.
AU - van Wezel, Richard J.A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by ZonMw InZicht (grant 94312004 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022
PY - 2022/9
Y1 - 2022/9
N2 - For efficient navigation, the brain needs to adequately represent the environment in a cognitive map. In this review, we sought to give an overview of literature about cognitive map formation based on non-visual modalities in persons with blindness (PWBs) and sighted persons. The review is focused on the auditory and haptic modalities, including research that combines multiple modalities and real-world navigation. Furthermore, we addressed implications of route and survey representations. Taking together, PWBs as well as sighted persons can build up cognitive maps based on non-visual modalities, although the accuracy sometime somewhat differs between PWBs and sighted persons. We provide some speculations on how to deploy information from different modalities to support cognitive map formation. Furthermore, PWBs and sighted persons seem to be able to construct route as well as survey representations. PWBs can experience difficulties building up a survey representation, but this is not always the case, and research suggests that they can acquire this ability with sufficient spatial information or training. We discuss possible explanations of these inconsistencies.
AB - For efficient navigation, the brain needs to adequately represent the environment in a cognitive map. In this review, we sought to give an overview of literature about cognitive map formation based on non-visual modalities in persons with blindness (PWBs) and sighted persons. The review is focused on the auditory and haptic modalities, including research that combines multiple modalities and real-world navigation. Furthermore, we addressed implications of route and survey representations. Taking together, PWBs as well as sighted persons can build up cognitive maps based on non-visual modalities, although the accuracy sometime somewhat differs between PWBs and sighted persons. We provide some speculations on how to deploy information from different modalities to support cognitive map formation. Furthermore, PWBs and sighted persons seem to be able to construct route as well as survey representations. PWBs can experience difficulties building up a survey representation, but this is not always the case, and research suggests that they can acquire this ability with sufficient spatial information or training. We discuss possible explanations of these inconsistencies.
KW - Auditory
KW - Cognitive maps
KW - Haptic
KW - Multimodal
KW - Non-visual sensory modalities
KW - Persons with blindness
KW - Route representation
KW - Spatial navigation
KW - Survey representation
KW - Tactile
KW - UT-Hybrid-D
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85135092975&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104797
DO - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104797
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35902045
AN - SCOPUS:85135092975
VL - 140
JO - Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
JF - Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
SN - 0149-7634
M1 - 104797
ER -