@article{9f2911fdeadf44de84c0d5dbbfaacfd0,
title = "Data privacy and residential smart meters: Comparative analysis and harmonization potential",
abstract = "Building on privacy principles of the Fair Information Practice Principles and the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation, the study compares national policies and programs in Europe and North America and identifies prevailing practices for implementing privacy goals for residential energy customers: customer opt-out policies, sampling and sharing guidelines, independent data storage, and governmental enforcement authority. The analysis provides the basis for privacy standards that could apply to advanced-metering customer data across countries, even with rapidly evolving technology.",
author = "Dasom Lee and Hess, {David J.}",
note = "Funding Information: Another problem for privacy is monitoring and enforcement to ensure that the principles and rules are implemented. In Europe, there were several approaches to the issue. In the Netherlands, the Dutch Data Protection Authority (de Autoriteit persoonsgegevens) receives complaints from consumers regarding privacy-related problems (Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens, 2020b). Two types of complaints can be filed online: a possible privacy violation and a complaint regarding personal data processing. When a problem is found, the Personal Data Authority sends letters to the concerned organizations and seeks a change in practices. Cases of repeated violations are transferred to the Enforcement Department. In France, the Commission Nationale de I'Informatique et des Libert?s (CNIL) ensures that privacy law is applied correctly. It helps people understand their rights regarding personal data, and it also issues warnings to correct measures as guided by the GDPR. The penalty for continuous violation can be up to ?20 million or, for companies, 4% of annual global turnover (CNIL 2020). The U.K. has the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO), an independent authority but sponsored by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media, and Sport. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021",
year = "2021",
month = jun,
doi = "10.1016/j.jup.2021.101188",
language = "English",
volume = "70",
journal = "Utilities Policy",
issn = "0957-1787",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
}