Deepfake detection using capsule networks and long short-term memory networks

With the recent advancements of technology, and in particular with graphics processing and artificial intelligence algorithms, fake media generation has become easier. Using deep learning techniques like Deepfakes and FaceSwap, anyone can generate fake videos by manipulating the face/voice of target subjects in videos. These AI synthesized videos are a big threat to the authenticity and trustworthiness of online information and can be used for malicious purposes. Detecting face tampering in videos is of utmost importance. We propose a spatio-temporal hybrid model of Capsule Networks integrated with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. This model exploits the inconsistencies in videos to distinguish real and fake videos. We use three different frame selection techniques and show that frame selection has a significant impact on the performance of models. The combined Capsule and LSTM network have comparable performance to state-of-the-art models and about 1/5th the number of parameters, resulting in reduced computational cost.