Designing a Predictive Digital Twin Architecture for Smart Bridge Maintenance

Ali Sabzi Khoshraftar; Berend Jan van der Zwaag; Duc V. Le; Rob Bemthuis

doi:10.1007/978-3-032-16234-2_23

Designing a Predictive Digital Twin Architecture for Smart Bridge Maintenance

Ali Sabzi Khoshraftar
, Berend Jan van der Zwaag
, Duc V. Le
, Rob Bemthuis

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

15 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

The growing number of aging bridges and their associated risks call for smarter, more cost-effective maintenance strategies. Digital twins (DTs) offer significant potential by enabling real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and integrated decision-making. Although DTs are widely explored, their integration into enterprise architectures for infrastructure asset management remains limited. This paper presents a structured approach to architecting predictive DTs for bridge maintenance using the ArchiMate modeling language. Following a Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM), we: (1) analyze limitations in traditional maintenance workflows; (2) design reference enterprise architectures for DT integration; (3) propose a phased migration strategy toward prescriptive DTs; and (4) demonstrate practical feasibility through a requirement-based comparison and an illustrative implementation applied to a Dutch steel bridge. The architecture integrates IoT sensing, AI-based defect detection, and XR-based visualization. This work provides a blueprint for digital transformation initiatives in civil infrastructure.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing. EDOC 2025 Workshops
Subtitle of host publication	Forum, Doctoral Consortium, EA4AI, iRESEARCH, SoEA4EE, Tool Presentations, Lisbon, Portugal, September 9–12, 2025, Revised Selected Papers
Editors	Miguel Mira da Silva, Andrey Rivkin, José Borbinha, Jelena Zdravkovic, José Barateiro
Place of Publication	Cham
Publisher	Springer
Pages	279-295
Number of pages	17
Edition	1
ISBN (Electronic)	978-3-032-16234-2
ISBN (Print)	978-3-032-16233-5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-16234-2_23
Publication status	Published - 19 May 2026
Event	29th International Conference on Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing, EDOC 2025 - Holiday Inn Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal Duration: 9 Sept 2025 → 12 Sept 2025 Conference number: 29 https://cbi-edoc-2025.inesc-id.pt/

Publication series

Name	Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing
Publisher	Springer
Volume	571
ISSN (Print)	1865-1348
ISSN (Electronic)	1865-1356

Conference

Conference	29th International Conference on Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing, EDOC 2025
Abbreviated title	EDOC 2025
Country/Territory	Portugal
City	Lisbon
Period	9/09/25 → 12/09/25
Internet address	https://cbi-edoc-2025.inesc-id.pt/

Keywords

Enterprise architecture
Archimate
Digital twin
Bridge maintenance

Access to Document

10.1007/978-3-032-16234-2_23

Manuscript_conference paperAccepted author version, 9.92 MB

Cite this

Khoshraftar, A. S., van der Zwaag, B. J., Le, D. V., & Bemthuis, R. (2026). Designing a Predictive Digital Twin Architecture for Smart Bridge Maintenance. In M. Mira da Silva, A. Rivkin, J. Borbinha, J. Zdravkovic, & J. Barateiro (Eds.), Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing. EDOC 2025 Workshops: Forum, Doctoral Consortium, EA4AI, iRESEARCH, SoEA4EE, Tool Presentations, Lisbon, Portugal, September 9–12, 2025, Revised Selected Papers (1 ed., pp. 279-295). (Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing; Vol. 571). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-16234-2_23

Khoshraftar, Ali Sabzi ; van der Zwaag, Berend Jan ; Le, Duc V. et al. / Designing a Predictive Digital Twin Architecture for Smart Bridge Maintenance. Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing. EDOC 2025 Workshops: Forum, Doctoral Consortium, EA4AI, iRESEARCH, SoEA4EE, Tool Presentations, Lisbon, Portugal, September 9–12, 2025, Revised Selected Papers. editor / Miguel Mira da Silva ; Andrey Rivkin ; José Borbinha ; Jelena Zdravkovic ; José Barateiro. 1. ed. Cham : Springer, 2026. pp. 279-295 (Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing).

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Khoshraftar, AS, van der Zwaag, BJ , Le, DV & Bemthuis, R 2026, Designing a Predictive Digital Twin Architecture for Smart Bridge Maintenance. in M Mira da Silva, A Rivkin, J Borbinha, J Zdravkovic & J Barateiro (eds), Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing. EDOC 2025 Workshops: Forum, Doctoral Consortium, EA4AI, iRESEARCH, SoEA4EE, Tool Presentations, Lisbon, Portugal, September 9–12, 2025, Revised Selected Papers. 1 edn, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol. 571, Springer, Cham, pp. 279-295, 29th International Conference on Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing, EDOC 2025, Lisbon, Portugal, 9/09/25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-16234-2_23

Designing a Predictive Digital Twin Architecture for Smart Bridge Maintenance. / Khoshraftar, Ali Sabzi; van der Zwaag, Berend Jan ; Le, Duc V. et al.
Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing. EDOC 2025 Workshops: Forum, Doctoral Consortium, EA4AI, iRESEARCH, SoEA4EE, Tool Presentations, Lisbon, Portugal, September 9–12, 2025, Revised Selected Papers. ed. / Miguel Mira da Silva; Andrey Rivkin; José Borbinha; Jelena Zdravkovic; José Barateiro. 1. ed. Cham: Springer, 2026. p. 279-295 (Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing; Vol. 571).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

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Khoshraftar AS, van der Zwaag BJ , Le DV , Bemthuis R. Designing a Predictive Digital Twin Architecture for Smart Bridge Maintenance. In Mira da Silva M, Rivkin A, Borbinha J, Zdravkovic J, Barateiro J, editors, Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing. EDOC 2025 Workshops: Forum, Doctoral Consortium, EA4AI, iRESEARCH, SoEA4EE, Tool Presentations, Lisbon, Portugal, September 9–12, 2025, Revised Selected Papers. 1 ed. Cham: Springer. 2026. p. 279-295. (Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing). Epub 2026 May 1. doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-16234-2_23