Determinants of 21st-century digital skills: A systematic literature review

This study brings attention to determinants of 21st-century digital skills and captures and organize past academic literature. The following skills are investigated: technical, information, communication, collaboration, critical thinking, creativity, and problem solving. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the individual determinants of these skills. Research has started to measure the differences in skill level. However, since the inconsistency in terms and dimensions of skills that have been described, it is still unclear which are significant determinants. A systematic literature review is conducted to synthesize all relevant academic literature concerned with 21st-century skills determinants. The results show a lack of research concerning communication and collaboration skills. The primary focus is on technical skills. Furthermore,research is encouraged to give increasing attention to the determinants that an individual can manage such as participation in training or asking for support.