TY - JOUR
T1 - Diffusion induced phase separation with crystallizable nylons
T2 - II. Relation to final membrane morphology
AU - Bulte, A.M.W.
AU - Mulder, M.H.V.
AU - Smolders, C.A.
AU - Strathmann, H.
PY - 1996
Y1 - 1996
N2 - Intermediate stages during membrane formation by means of immersion precipitation were studied by cryo-substitution for the system nylon 4,6, formic acid and water. The presence, nature and size of solid particles was determined as a function of time and of the distance from the interface. The spherulitic nature of these particles was confirmed by staining the samples. It was shown that at a relatively low nucleation density the concentration profile in the film was hardly influenced by a starting phase separation process, while in a situation with a relatively high number of nuclei per volume concentration patterns must be considerable altered.
AB - Intermediate stages during membrane formation by means of immersion precipitation were studied by cryo-substitution for the system nylon 4,6, formic acid and water. The presence, nature and size of solid particles was determined as a function of time and of the distance from the interface. The spherulitic nature of these particles was confirmed by staining the samples. It was shown that at a relatively low nucleation density the concentration profile in the film was hardly influenced by a starting phase separation process, while in a situation with a relatively high number of nuclei per volume concentration patterns must be considerable altered.
U2 - 10.1016/0376-7388(96)00164-0
DO - 10.1016/0376-7388(96)00164-0
M3 - Article
SN - 0376-7388
VL - 121
SP - 51
EP - 58
JO - Journal of membrane science
JF - Journal of membrane science
IS - 1
ER -