TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of feed composition on the fouling on cation-exchange membranes desalinating polymer-flooding produced water
AU - Sosa-Fernandez, P. A.
AU - Miedema, S. J.
AU - Bruning, H.
AU - Leermakers, F. A.M.
AU - Post, J. W.
AU - Rijnaarts, H. H.M.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was performed in the cooperation framework of Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology (www.wetsus.nl). Wetsus is co-funded by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment, the European Union Regional Development Fund, the Province of Fryslân, and the Northern Netherlands Provinces. This research has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 665874. We are grateful to the participants of the research theme “Desalination” for fruitful discussions and financial support. The authors also would like to thank Ms. María Andrés Torres for assisting in part of the experimental work.
Funding Information:
This work was performed in the cooperation framework of Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology (www.wetsus.nl). Wetsus is co-funded by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment, the European Union Regional Development Fund, the Province of Fryslân, and the Northern Netherlands Provinces. This research has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 665874. We are grateful to the participants of the research theme “Desalination” for fruitful discussions and financial support. The authors also would like to thank Ms. María Andrés Torres for assisting in part of the experimental work.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020
PY - 2021/2/15
Y1 - 2021/2/15
N2 - Hypothesis: Cation exchange membranes (CEMs) are subject to fouling when utilized to desalinate wastewater from the oil and gas industry, hampering their performance. The kind and extent of the fouling are most likely dependent on the composition of the stream, which in practical applications can vary significantly. Experiments: Fouling experiments were performed on commercial cation exchange membranes, which were used in electrodialysis runs to desalinate solutions of varying composition. The variations included ionic strength, type of ions, amount of viscosifying polyelectrolyte (partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide), presence of crude oil, and surfactants. Performance parameters, like electric potential and pH, were monitored during the runs, after which the membranes were recovered and analyzed. Findings: Fouling was detected on most CEMs and occurred mainly in the presence of the viscosifying polyelectrolyte. Under normal pH conditions (pH ~ 8), the polyelectrolyte fouled the concentrate side of the CEMs, as expected due to electrophoresis. However, by applying a current in the opposite direction, the polyelectrolyte layer could be removed. Precipitation occurred mostly on the opposite side of the membrane, with different morphology depending on the feed composition.
AB - Hypothesis: Cation exchange membranes (CEMs) are subject to fouling when utilized to desalinate wastewater from the oil and gas industry, hampering their performance. The kind and extent of the fouling are most likely dependent on the composition of the stream, which in practical applications can vary significantly. Experiments: Fouling experiments were performed on commercial cation exchange membranes, which were used in electrodialysis runs to desalinate solutions of varying composition. The variations included ionic strength, type of ions, amount of viscosifying polyelectrolyte (partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide), presence of crude oil, and surfactants. Performance parameters, like electric potential and pH, were monitored during the runs, after which the membranes were recovered and analyzed. Findings: Fouling was detected on most CEMs and occurred mainly in the presence of the viscosifying polyelectrolyte. Under normal pH conditions (pH ~ 8), the polyelectrolyte fouled the concentrate side of the CEMs, as expected due to electrophoresis. However, by applying a current in the opposite direction, the polyelectrolyte layer could be removed. Precipitation occurred mostly on the opposite side of the membrane, with different morphology depending on the feed composition.
KW - Cation-exchange membrane
KW - Crude oil
KW - Electrodialysis
KW - Gel layer
KW - Membrane fouling
KW - Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide
KW - Polymer-flooding produced water
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85095837728&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.077
DO - 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.077
M3 - Article
C2 - 33176931
AN - SCOPUS:85095837728
SN - 0021-9797
VL - 584
SP - 634
EP - 646
JO - Journal of colloid and interface science
JF - Journal of colloid and interface science
ER -
