TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of loading conditions on free surface roughening of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel
AU - Solhjoo, Soheil
AU - Halbertsma, Pieter J.
AU - Veldhuis, Mark
AU - Toljaga, Ranko
AU - Pei, Yutao
AU - Vakis, Antonis I.
PY - 2020/1
Y1 - 2020/1
N2 - Free surface roughening affects the tribological behavior of contacting bodies in multistage metal forming processes. This phenomenon was investigated on sheets of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel by applying uniaxial and radial straining modes via tensile and Erichsen cupping tests, respectively. By means of focus variation microscopy, the free surface roughness evolution was studied for each sample at different values of strain. Moreover, the microscopic deformation of grains was visualized using scanning electron microscopy and differential interference contrast microscopy. The results show that the free surface roughening rate in the uniaxial strain mode is higher than that in the radial one. Furthermore, the surface height distribution of the deformed surfaces was found to be dependent on the deforming strain and tended toward a Gaussian one at higher strains. Grain boundaries and chromium carbide particles were found to be responsible for the peaks formed in the roughened free surfaces. Analyses of the deformed free surfaces showed distortion of the grain morphology, which is the mechanism responsible for free surface roughening.
AB - Free surface roughening affects the tribological behavior of contacting bodies in multistage metal forming processes. This phenomenon was investigated on sheets of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel by applying uniaxial and radial straining modes via tensile and Erichsen cupping tests, respectively. By means of focus variation microscopy, the free surface roughness evolution was studied for each sample at different values of strain. Moreover, the microscopic deformation of grains was visualized using scanning electron microscopy and differential interference contrast microscopy. The results show that the free surface roughening rate in the uniaxial strain mode is higher than that in the radial one. Furthermore, the surface height distribution of the deformed surfaces was found to be dependent on the deforming strain and tended toward a Gaussian one at higher strains. Grain boundaries and chromium carbide particles were found to be responsible for the peaks formed in the roughened free surfaces. Analyses of the deformed free surfaces showed distortion of the grain morphology, which is the mechanism responsible for free surface roughening.
KW - Cupping test
KW - Free surface roughening
KW - Grain morphology
KW - Microscopy
KW - Stainless steel
KW - n/a OA procedure
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85069591619&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2019.116311
DO - 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2019.116311
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85069591619
SN - 0924-0136
VL - 275
JO - Journal of materials processing technology
JF - Journal of materials processing technology
M1 - 116311
ER -