Effects of wind turbine rotor tilt on large-scale wind farms

Recent studies have explored the use of rotor tilt adjustments to reduce wake losses in wind farms. While downward wake deflection in aligned wind farms has shown promise for significant power gains, the impact of wind farm layout on the effectiveness of tilt strategies is not yet fully understood. Additionally, the effect on downstream farms remains unclear. Our large eddy simulations reveal that a rotor tilt of 20 degrees significantly reduces wake losses in aligned wind farms. For wind farms with 8 turbine rows, we observe an overall increase in wind farm productivity of up to 11%. However, tilting the rotors may decrease power production in staggered wind farms, where wake losses are inherently lower due to the increased spacing between turbines. Our findings also suggest that a downstream wind farm might benefit from an upstream farm implementing rotor tilt, although this advantage is primarily observed in the first row of the downstream farm.