Abstract
ATR-IR spectroscopy has become an ubiquitous tool for the study of heterogeneous catalysts, probing selectively the chemistry of the solid-fluid (gas and liquid) interfaces under reaction conditions in real-time. By placing a thin catalyst layer on top of an ATR crystal, one can restrict the analysis volume to the solid–liquid interface, effectively reducing the interference of the liquid in the final spectra. The present contribution is providing a tutorial overview of ATR-IR spectroscopy for the study of solid–liquid interfaces of heterogeneous catalysts. First, we review the fundamentals of ATR-IR spectroscopy and the importance of the flow cell design, transport processes, concentration gradients, deposition of stable catalyst layers, spectra acquisition, and data interpretation. Then, we explore the utilization of the technique to study catalysts operating in liquid phase at steady-state, transient, and dynamic conditions. Finally, we provide a brief analysis of the latest developments in the field and the outlook of the technique in the context of the energy transition. Graphical abstract: ATR-IR spectroscopy probing liquid–solid catalyst interfaces.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | Encyclopedia of Solid-Liquid Interfaces |
Publisher | Elsevier Doyma |
Pages | V1-92-V1-110 |
Volume | 1-3 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9780323856690 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Jan 2023 |
Keywords
- NLA
- CO chemisorption
- Concentration gradients
- Diffusion
- Heterogeneous catalysis
- Kinetics
- Modulated state
- Nitrite hydrogenation
- Steady state
- Technical challenges
- Transient state
- ATR-IR spectroscopy