EMC Testing of Electricity Meters Using Real-World and Artificial Current Waveforms

Helko E. van den Brom; Ronald van Leeuwen; Zander Marais; Bas ten Have; Tom Hartman; Marco A. Azpúrua; Marc Pous; Gertjan J. P. Kok; Marijn G.A. van Veghel; Ilia Kolevatov; Helge Malmbekk; Ferran Silva; Frank Leferink

doi:10.1109/TEMC.2021.3099721

EMC Testing of Electricity Meters Using Real-World and Artificial Current Waveforms

Helko E. van den Brom, Ronald van Leeuwen, Zander Marais, Bas ten Have, Tom Hartman, Marco A. Azpúrua, Marc Pous, Gertjan J. P. Kok, Marijn G.A. van Veghel, Ilia Kolevatov, Helge Malmbekk, Ferran Silva, Frank Leferink

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

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Abstract

In 2015, the energy measurement of some static electricity meters was found to be sensitive to specific conducted electromagnetic disturbances with very fast current changes caused by highly nonlinear loads, leading to meter errors up to several hundred percent. This article describes new results on the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of 16 different meters from all over Europe when exposed to real-world disturbance signals. Those test signals were obtained from household appliances and onsite measurements at metered supply points all over Europe. The results show that also the interference signals recorded onsite can cause measurement errors as large as several hundred percent, even for meters that pass the present EMC standards. This unambiguously demonstrates that the present immunity testing standards do not cover the most disturbing conducted interference occurring in present daily-life situations due to the increased use of nonlinear electronics. Furthermore, to enable the adoption of potential new test waveforms in future standards for electricity meter testing, artificial test waveforms were constructed based on real-world waveforms using a piece-wise linear model. These artificial test waveforms were demonstrated to cause meter errors similar to those caused by the original real-life waveforms they are representing, showing that they are suitable candidates for use in improved standardization of electricity meter testing.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1865-1874
Number of pages	10
Journal	IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility
Volume	63
Issue number	6
Early online date	2 Sep 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2021.3099721
Publication status	Published - Dec 2021

Keywords

Voltage measurement
Current measurement
Testing
Distortion measurement
Pulse measurements
Home appliances
Meters

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Brom, H. E. V. D., Leeuwen, R. V., Marais, Z., Have, B. T., Hartman, T., Azpúrua, M. A., Pous, M., Kok, G. J. P., Veghel, M. G. A. V., Kolevatov, I., Malmbekk, H., Silva, F., & Leferink, F. (2021). EMC Testing of Electricity Meters Using Real-World and Artificial Current Waveforms. IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility, 63(6), 1865-1874. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2021.3099721

@article{0ea54d3e09aa40a4b72df3a3de21230a,

title = "EMC Testing of Electricity Meters Using Real-World and Artificial Current Waveforms",

abstract = "In 2015, the energy measurement of some static electricity meters was found to be sensitive to specific conducted electromagnetic disturbances with very fast current changes caused by highly nonlinear loads, leading to meter errors up to several hundred percent. This article describes new results on the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of 16 different meters from all over Europe when exposed to real-world disturbance signals. Those test signals were obtained from household appliances and onsite measurements at metered supply points all over Europe. The results show that also the interference signals recorded onsite can cause measurement errors as large as several hundred percent, even for meters that pass the present EMC standards. This unambiguously demonstrates that the present immunity testing standards do not cover the most disturbing conducted interference occurring in present daily-life situations due to the increased use of nonlinear electronics. Furthermore, to enable the adoption of potential new test waveforms in future standards for electricity meter testing, artificial test waveforms were constructed based on real-world waveforms using a piece-wise linear model. These artificial test waveforms were demonstrated to cause meter errors similar to those caused by the original real-life waveforms they are representing, showing that they are suitable candidates for use in improved standardization of electricity meter testing.",

keywords = "Voltage measurement, Current measurement, Testing, Distortion measurement, Pulse measurements, Home appliances, Meters",

author = "Brom, {Helko E. van den} and Leeuwen, {Ronald van} and Zander Marais and Have, {Bas ten} and Tom Hartman and Azp{\'u}rua, {Marco A.} and Marc Pous and Kok, {Gertjan J. P.} and Veghel, {Marijn G.A. van} and Ilia Kolevatov and Helge Malmbekk and Ferran Silva and Frank Leferink",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 1964-2012 IEEE.",

year = "2021",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1109/TEMC.2021.3099721",

language = "English",

volume = "63",

pages = "1865--1874",

journal = "IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility",

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Brom, HEVD, Leeuwen, RV, Marais, Z, Have, BT , Hartman, T, Azpúrua, MA, Pous, M, Kok, GJP, Veghel, MGAV, Kolevatov, I, Malmbekk, H, Silva, F & Leferink, F 2021, 'EMC Testing of Electricity Meters Using Real-World and Artificial Current Waveforms', IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility, vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 1865-1874. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2021.3099721

TY - JOUR

T1 - EMC Testing of Electricity Meters Using Real-World and Artificial Current Waveforms

AU - Brom, Helko E. van den

AU - Leeuwen, Ronald van

AU - Marais, Zander

AU - Have, Bas ten

AU - Hartman, Tom

AU - Azpúrua, Marco A.

AU - Pous, Marc

AU - Kok, Gertjan J. P.

AU - Veghel, Marijn G.A. van

AU - Kolevatov, Ilia

AU - Malmbekk, Helge

AU - Silva, Ferran

AU - Leferink, Frank

PY - 2021/12

Y1 - 2021/12

N2 - In 2015, the energy measurement of some static electricity meters was found to be sensitive to specific conducted electromagnetic disturbances with very fast current changes caused by highly nonlinear loads, leading to meter errors up to several hundred percent. This article describes new results on the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of 16 different meters from all over Europe when exposed to real-world disturbance signals. Those test signals were obtained from household appliances and onsite measurements at metered supply points all over Europe. The results show that also the interference signals recorded onsite can cause measurement errors as large as several hundred percent, even for meters that pass the present EMC standards. This unambiguously demonstrates that the present immunity testing standards do not cover the most disturbing conducted interference occurring in present daily-life situations due to the increased use of nonlinear electronics. Furthermore, to enable the adoption of potential new test waveforms in future standards for electricity meter testing, artificial test waveforms were constructed based on real-world waveforms using a piece-wise linear model. These artificial test waveforms were demonstrated to cause meter errors similar to those caused by the original real-life waveforms they are representing, showing that they are suitable candidates for use in improved standardization of electricity meter testing.

AB - In 2015, the energy measurement of some static electricity meters was found to be sensitive to specific conducted electromagnetic disturbances with very fast current changes caused by highly nonlinear loads, leading to meter errors up to several hundred percent. This article describes new results on the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of 16 different meters from all over Europe when exposed to real-world disturbance signals. Those test signals were obtained from household appliances and onsite measurements at metered supply points all over Europe. The results show that also the interference signals recorded onsite can cause measurement errors as large as several hundred percent, even for meters that pass the present EMC standards. This unambiguously demonstrates that the present immunity testing standards do not cover the most disturbing conducted interference occurring in present daily-life situations due to the increased use of nonlinear electronics. Furthermore, to enable the adoption of potential new test waveforms in future standards for electricity meter testing, artificial test waveforms were constructed based on real-world waveforms using a piece-wise linear model. These artificial test waveforms were demonstrated to cause meter errors similar to those caused by the original real-life waveforms they are representing, showing that they are suitable candidates for use in improved standardization of electricity meter testing.

KW - Voltage measurement

KW - Current measurement

KW - Testing

KW - Distortion measurement

KW - Pulse measurements

KW - Home appliances

KW - Meters

U2 - 10.1109/TEMC.2021.3099721

DO - 10.1109/TEMC.2021.3099721

M3 - Article

VL - 63

SP - 1865

EP - 1874

JO - IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility

JF - IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility

SN - 0018-9375

IS - 6

ER -

EMC Testing of Electricity Meters Using Real-World and Artificial Current Waveforms

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