@article{ac6d19d71d434e399d98e436846d08cd,
title = "Energy consumption of an electrodialyzer desalinating aqueous polymer solutions",
abstract = "When performing electrodialysis (ED) to desalinate a stream, both the energy for desalination and the energy for pumping contribute to the total energy consumption, although under typical working conditions (e.g., brackish water desalination) the latter is usually negligible. However, the energy penalty might increase when desalinating viscous mixtures (i.e., viscosity of 2–20 cP). In this work, we experimentally investigate the desalination performance of an ED-unit operating with highly viscous water-polymer mixtures. The contribution of desalination and pumping energy to the total energy consumption was measured while varying diverse parameters, i.e., salinity and viscosity of the feed, and geometry and thickness of the spacer. It was found that the type of spacer did not significantly influence the energy required for desalination. The pumping energy was higher than predicted, though in most cases minimal compared to the energy for desalination. Only when using thin spacers (300 μm) and/or highly viscous feeds (12 cP), the pumping energy accounted for 50% of the total energy for low salinity feeds. Therefore, the main contributor to the energy consumption of viscous solutions is the desalination energy, provided that large spacer thicknesses (at least 450 μm) and adequate operating conditions are utilized to limit pumping energy losses.",
keywords = "Electrodialysis, Electrodialyzer, Energy-consumption, Pumping energy, Viscosity",
author = "Sosa-Fernandez, {P. A.} and Loc, {T. M.} and M. Andr{\'e}s-Torres and M. Tedesco and Post, {J. W.} and H. Bruning and Rijnaarts, {H. H.M.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was performed in the cooperation framework of Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology ( www.wetsus.nl ). Wetsus is co-funded by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment, the European Union Regional Development Fund, the Province of Frysl{\^a}n, and the Northern Netherlands Provinces. This research has received funding from the European Union 's Horizon 2020 - Research and Innovation Framework Programme under the H2020 Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie Actions grant agreement No 665874 . We are grateful to the participants of the research theme “Desalination” for fruitful discussions and financial support. The authors would like to thank S. Grasman and K. Goeting for their useful comments to improve the manuscript. Funding Information: This work was performed in the cooperation framework of Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology (www.wetsus.nl). Wetsus is co-funded by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment, the European Union Regional Development Fund, the Province of Frysl{\^a}n, and the Northern Netherlands Provinces. This research has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 - Research and Innovation Framework Programme under the H2020 Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie Actions grant agreement No 665874. We are grateful to the participants of the research theme “Desalination” for fruitful discussions and financial support. The authors would like to thank S. Grasman and K. Goeting for their useful comments to improve the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Author(s)",
year = "2021",
month = aug,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1016/j.desal.2021.115091",
language = "English",
volume = "510",
journal = "Desalination",
issn = "0011-9164",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
}