Engineering durable hydrophobic surfaces on porous alumina ceramics using in-situ formed inorganic-organic hybrid nanoparticles

Hydrophobic surfaces are required for a variety of applications owing to their water repellent and self-cleaning properties. In this work, we present a novel approach to prepare durable hydrophobic surfaces on porous ceramics. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film was applied to a porous alumina wafer, followed by pyrolysis at 400 °C in a non-oxidizing atmosphere (H₂:N₂ = 5:95), giving rise to nanoparticles. In these particles, Si, C and O elements formed amorphous networks to which methyl groups that had survived the pyrolysis were bonded. The as-modified porous alumina wafer was hydrophobic with a water contact angle of 136°, which is attributed to the presence of the methyl groups. The hydrophobicity was maintained after immersion in aqueous solutions in a pH range of 2–12 and acetone. The hydrophobicity was also retained after exposure to temperatures as high as 450 °C in an oxidative atmosphere (air) and after mechanical abrasion with sandpaper. The hydrophobic porous alumina ceramics developed in the present study are promising for use as membranes in various separation processes.