TY - JOUR
T1 - Esterification of bio-oil from mallee (Eucalyptus loxophleba ssp. gratiae) leaves with a solid acid catalyst
T2 - Conversion of the cyclic ether and terpenoids into hydrocarbons
AU - Hu, Xun
AU - Gunawan, Richard
AU - Mourant, Daniel
AU - Wang, Yi
AU - Lievens, Caroline
AU - Chaiwat, Weerawut
AU - Wu, Liping
AU - Li, Chun Zhu
PY - 2012/11/1
Y1 - 2012/11/1
N2 - Bio-oil from pyrolysis of mallee (Eucalyptus loxophleba ssp. gratiae) leaves differs from that obtained with wood by its content of cyclic ethers, terpenoids and N-containing organic compounds. Upgrading of the leaf bio-oil in methanol with a solid acid catalyst was investigated and it was found that the N-containing organics in the bio-oil lead to deactivation of the catalyst in the initial stage of exposure and have to be removed via employing high catalyst loading to allow the occurrence of other acid-catalysed reactions. Eucalyptol, the main cyclic ether in the bio-oil, could be converted into the aromatic hydrocarbon, p-cymene, through a series of intermediates including α-terpineol, terpinolene, and α-terpinene. Various steps such as ring-opening, dehydration, isomerisation, and aromatization were involved in the conversion of eucalyptol. The terpenoids in bio-oil could also be converted into aromatic hydrocarbons that can serve as starting materials for the synthesis of fine chemicals, via the similar processes.
AB - Bio-oil from pyrolysis of mallee (Eucalyptus loxophleba ssp. gratiae) leaves differs from that obtained with wood by its content of cyclic ethers, terpenoids and N-containing organic compounds. Upgrading of the leaf bio-oil in methanol with a solid acid catalyst was investigated and it was found that the N-containing organics in the bio-oil lead to deactivation of the catalyst in the initial stage of exposure and have to be removed via employing high catalyst loading to allow the occurrence of other acid-catalysed reactions. Eucalyptol, the main cyclic ether in the bio-oil, could be converted into the aromatic hydrocarbon, p-cymene, through a series of intermediates including α-terpineol, terpinolene, and α-terpinene. Various steps such as ring-opening, dehydration, isomerisation, and aromatization were involved in the conversion of eucalyptol. The terpenoids in bio-oil could also be converted into aromatic hydrocarbons that can serve as starting materials for the synthesis of fine chemicals, via the similar processes.
KW - Acid-catalysed reactions
KW - Bio-oil
KW - Eucalyptol
KW - Mallee leaves
KW - Terpenoids
KW - ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE
UR - https://ezproxy2.utwente.nl/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.07.073
UR - https://ezproxy2.utwente.nl/login?url=https://library.itc.utwente.nl/login/2012/isi/lievens_est.pdf
U2 - 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.07.073
DO - 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.07.073
M3 - Article
C2 - 22940326
AN - SCOPUS:84865549860
SN - 0960-8524
VL - 123
SP - 249
EP - 255
JO - Bioresource technology
JF - Bioresource technology
ER -