TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of the tip-bending response in clinically used endoscopes
AU - Rozeboom, Esther
AU - Reilink, Rob
AU - Schwartz, Matthijs P.
AU - Fockens, Paul
AU - Broeders, Ivo A.M.J.
PY - 2016/4
Y1 - 2016/4
N2 - Background and study aims:
Endoscopic interventions require accurate and precise control of the endoscope tip. The endoscope tip response depends on a cable pulling system, which is known to deliver a significantly nonlinear response that eventually reduces control. It is unknown whether the current technique of endoscope tip control is adequate for a future of high precision procedures, steerable accessories, and add-on robotics. The aim of this study was to determine the status of the tip response of endoscopes used in clinical practice.
Materials and methods:
We evaluated 20 flexible colonoscopes and five gastroscopes, used in the endoscopy departments of a Dutch university hospital and two Dutch teaching hospitals, in a bench top setup. First, maximal tip bending was determined manually. Next, the endoscope navigation wheels were rotated individually in a motor setup. Tip angulation was recorded with a USB camera. Cable slackness was derived from the resulting hysteresis plot.
Results:
Only two of the 20 colonoscopes (10%) and none of the five gastroscopes reached the maximal tip angulation specified by the manufacturer. Four colonoscopes (20%) and none of the gastroscopes demonstrated the recommended cable tension. Eight colonoscopes (40%) had undergone a maintenance check 1 month before the measurements were made. The tip responses of these eight colonoscopies did not differ significantly from the tip responses of the other colonoscopes.
Conclusion:
This study suggests that the majority of clinically used endoscopes are not optimally tuned to reach maximal bending angles and demonstrate adequate tip responses. We suggest a brief check before procedures to predict difficulties with bending angles and tip responses.
AB - Background and study aims:
Endoscopic interventions require accurate and precise control of the endoscope tip. The endoscope tip response depends on a cable pulling system, which is known to deliver a significantly nonlinear response that eventually reduces control. It is unknown whether the current technique of endoscope tip control is adequate for a future of high precision procedures, steerable accessories, and add-on robotics. The aim of this study was to determine the status of the tip response of endoscopes used in clinical practice.
Materials and methods:
We evaluated 20 flexible colonoscopes and five gastroscopes, used in the endoscopy departments of a Dutch university hospital and two Dutch teaching hospitals, in a bench top setup. First, maximal tip bending was determined manually. Next, the endoscope navigation wheels were rotated individually in a motor setup. Tip angulation was recorded with a USB camera. Cable slackness was derived from the resulting hysteresis plot.
Results:
Only two of the 20 colonoscopes (10%) and none of the five gastroscopes reached the maximal tip angulation specified by the manufacturer. Four colonoscopes (20%) and none of the gastroscopes demonstrated the recommended cable tension. Eight colonoscopes (40%) had undergone a maintenance check 1 month before the measurements were made. The tip responses of these eight colonoscopies did not differ significantly from the tip responses of the other colonoscopes.
Conclusion:
This study suggests that the majority of clinically used endoscopes are not optimally tuned to reach maximal bending angles and demonstrate adequate tip responses. We suggest a brief check before procedures to predict difficulties with bending angles and tip responses.
U2 - 10.1055/s-0042-104115
DO - 10.1055/s-0042-104115
M3 - Article
SN - 2364-3722
VL - 4
SP - E466-E471
JO - Endoscopy international open
JF - Endoscopy international open
IS - 4
ER -