Evolution of safety in industry 4.0: Future opportunities adopting resilience and antifragility engineering and virtual and augmented reality

The paper offers a reflection on the evolution of Occupational Safety approaches through the ages until the Industry 4.0.A brief overview on the constant increase of the system complexity is discussed to introduce the problem. Later, the study shows how Safety can be approached in different ways discussing pros and cons.Then, the paper proposes two applications of Virtual Reality andAugmented Reality as new tools for addressing safety issues in Industry 4.0. Finally, some reflections and suggestions are pinpointed.