Experimental study of EUV mirror radiation damage resistance under long-term free-electron laser exposures below the single-shot damage threshold

Igor A. Makhotkin, Ryszard Sobierajski, Jaromir Chalupsky, Kai Tiedtke, Gosse de Vries, Michael Störmer, Frank Scholze, Frank Siewert, Robbert W.E. van de Kruijs, Igor Milov, Eric Louis, Iwanna Jacyna, Marek Jurek, Dorota Klinger, Laurent Nittler, Yevgen Syryanyy, Libor Juha, Věra Hájková, Vojtěch Vozda, Tomáš BurianKarel Saksl, Bart Faatz, Barbara Keitel, Elke Plonjes, Siegfried Schreiber, Sven Toleikis, Rolf Loch, Martin Hermann, Sebastian Strobel, Han Kwang Nienhuys, Grzegorz Gwalt, Tobias Mey, Hartmut Enkisch

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

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Abstract

The durability of grazing- and normal-incidence optical coatings has been experimentally assessed under free-electron laser irradiation at various numbers of pulses up to 16 million shots and various fluence levels below 10% of the single-shot damage threshold. The experiment was performed at FLASH, the Free-electron LASer in Hamburg, using 13.5 nm extreme UV (EUV) radiation with 100 fs pulse duration. Polycrystalline ruthenium and amorphous carbon 50 nm thin films on silicon substrates were tested at total external reflection angles of 20° and 10° grazing incidence, respectively. Mo/Si periodical multilayer structures were tested in the Bragg reflection condition at 16° off-normal angle of incidence. The exposed areas were analysed post-mortem using differential contrast visible light microscopy, EUV reflectivity mapping and scanning X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The analysis revealed that Ru and Mo/Si coatings exposed to the highest dose and fluence level show a few per cent drop in their EUV reflectivity, which is explained by EUV-induced oxidation of the surface.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)77-84
Number of pages8
JournalJournal of synchrotron radiation
Volume25
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jan 2018

Keywords

  • UT-Hybrid-D
  • EUV optics
  • Thin Films
  • FELs
  • Free-electron laser induced damage
  • Free-Electron laser induced damage
  • thin films

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