Factors affecting the use and option use of shared mopeds and bicycles: Evidence from Dutch metropolitan cities

Shared micromobility services (SMMS) can provide alternative travel options during disruptive conditions (e.g., public transport disruptions). This is defined as “option use”, indicating that people who don’t normally use shared micromobility can consider using it when their main mode is unavailable. However, not everyone can benefit from it due to barriers that limit access to these shared modes. Therefore, this study aims to examine and explain the use and option use of shared micromobility services. A combined revealed preference and stated choice survey was conducted in the Netherlands, and binary logit models were estimated. Our results indicate that option users are more likely to be Dutch, own private e-bikes, cars, and have advanced digital skills. Moreover, we found that respondents lacking advanced digital skills are unlikely to consider app-based shared modes (e.g., shared mopeds) as a backup option in disruptions, but do consider shared modes which do not require a smartphone.