Formation of liquid chain by collision of two Laminar jets

The collision of liquid jets and formation of a sheet in the median plane are illustrated numerically.The sheet subsequently transforms into a chain-like fluidic structure with successive dwarf linksin mutually orthogonal planes. To understand the behavior of fluid parcels inside the chain, flowkinematics are studied with streamlines and a self-similar velocity profile. For the generalization ofchain profiles over a wide range of operating parameters, a correlation has been proposed based onnumerical simulations and subsequent regression analyses. Citing the analogy between the impact ofjets for the formation of elemental links and traversal of non-deformable fluid quanta after the collision,an attempt has been made to understand the fundamental physics of this phenomenon through forcebalance. The analogy helps us to take into account the role of surface tension and other forces onthe shape and size of the liquid sheets. Further, the formation of higher order links is proposed asequivalent to the collision between the liquid rims bounding the sheet, modeled as the jets of reducedstrengths and smaller impingement angles. Finally, we assess the effects of various fluid properties onthe dimensions of these links, illustrating the viscous dissipation at the time of collisions.