From the Birkeland-Eyde process towards energy-efficient plasma-based NOX synthesis: A techno-economic analysis

Kevin Hendrik Reindert Rouwenhorst*, Fatme Jardali, Annemie Bogaerts, Leon Lefferts

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

148 Citations (Scopus)
235 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Plasma-based NOX synthesis via the Birkeland-Eyde process was one of the first industrial nitrogen fixation methods. However, this technology never played a dominant role for nitrogen fixation, due to the invention of the Haber-Bosch process. Recently, nitrogen fixation by plasma technology has gained significant interest again, due to the emergence of low cost, renewable electricity. We first present a short historical background of plasma-based NOX synthesis. Thereafter, we discuss the reported performance for plasma-based NOX synthesis in various types of plasma reactors, along with the current understanding regarding the reaction mechanisms in the plasma phase, as well as on a catalytic surface. Finally, we benchmark the plasma-based NOX synthesis process with the electrolysis-based Haber-Bosch process combined with the Ostwald process, in terms of the investment cost and energy consumption. This analysis shows that the energy consumption for NOX synthesis with plasma technology is almost competitive with the commercial process with its current best value of 2.4 MJ mol-N-1, which is required to decrease further to about 0.7 MJ mol-N-1 in order to become fully competitive. This may be accomplished through further plasma reactor optimization and effective plasma-catalyst coupling.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2520-2534
Number of pages15
JournalEnergy & environmental science
Volume14
Issue number5
Early online date31 Mar 2021
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 May 2021

Keywords

  • UT-Hybrid-D

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'From the Birkeland-Eyde process towards energy-efficient plasma-based NOX synthesis: A techno-economic analysis'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this