Fully resolved simulation and ultrasound flow studies in stented carotid aneurysm model

J. Mikhal, A.M. Hoving, G.M. Ong, C.H. Slump

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    Abstract

    Introduction. Treatment choice for extracranial carotid artery widening, also called aneurysm, is difficult. Blood flow simulation and experimental visualization can be supportive in clinical decision making and patient-specific treatment prediction. This study aims to simulate and validate the effect of flow-diverting stent placement on blood flow characteristics using numerical and in vitro simulation techniques in simplified carotid artery and aneurysm models. Methods. We have developed a workflow from geometry design to flow simulations and in vitro measurements in a carotid aneurysm model. To show feasibility of the numerical simulation part of the workflow that uses an immersed boundary method, we study a model geometry of an extracranial carotid artery aneurysm and put a flow-diverting stent in the aneurysm. We use ultrasound particle image velocimetry (PIV) to visualize experimentally the flow inside the aneurysm model. Results. Feasibility of ultrasound visualization of the flow, virtual flow-diverting stent placement and numerical flow simulation are presented. Flow is resolved to scales much smaller than the cross section of individual wires of the flow-diverting stent. Numerical analysis in stented model introduced 25% reduction of the blood flow inside the aneurysm sac. Quantitative comparison of experimental and numerical results showed agreement in 1D velocity profiles. Discussion/conclusion. We find good numerical convergence of the simulations at appropriate spatial resolutions using the immersed boundary method. This allows us to quantify the changes in the flow in model geometries after deploying a flow-diverting stent. We visualized the physiological blood flow in a 1-to-1 aneurysm model, using PIV, showing a good correspondence to the numerical simulations. The novel workflow enables numerical as well as experimental flow simulations in patient-specific cases before and after flow-diverting stent placement. This may contribute to endovascular treatment prediction.

    Original languageEnglish
    Title of host publicationMedical Imaging 2019
    Subtitle of host publicationImage-Guided Procedures, Robotic Interventions, and Modeling
    EditorsBaowei Fei, Cristian A. Linte
    PublisherSPIE
    Volume10951
    ISBN (Electronic)9781510625495
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 8 Mar 2019
    EventSPIE Medical Imaging 2019: Image-Guided Procedures, Robotic Interventions, and Modeling - Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, United States
    Duration: 16 Feb 201921 Feb 2019

    Publication series

    NameProgress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE
    Volume10951
    ISSN (Print)1605-7422

    Conference

    ConferenceSPIE Medical Imaging 2019
    Country/TerritoryUnited States
    CitySan Diego
    Period16/02/1921/02/19

    Keywords

    • 3d printed geometry
    • Aneurysm
    • Carotid artery
    • Flow-diverting stent
    • Numerical simulations
    • Ultrasound PIV

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