Abstract
Studies show that drivers’ intention to use automated vehicles is strongly modulated by trust. It follows that their benefits are unlikely to be achieved if users do not trust them. To date, most studies of trust in automated vehicles have relied on self-reports. However, questionnaires cannot capture real-time changes in drivers’ trust, and are hard to use in applied settings. In previous work, we found evidence that gaze behaviour could provide an effective measure of trust. In this study we tested whether combining gaze behaviour with Electrodermal Activity could provide a stronger metric. The results indicated a strong relationship between self-reported trust, monitoring behaviour and Electrodermal Activity: The higher participants’ self-reported trust, the less they monitored the road, the more attention they paid to a non-driving related secondary task, and the lower their Electrodermal Activity. We also found evidence that combined measures of gaze behaviour and Electrodermal Activity predict self-reported trust better than either of these measures on its own. These findings suggest that such combined measures have the potential to provide a reliable and objective real-time indicator of driver trust.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 401-412 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour |
| Volume | 64 |
| Early online date | 20 Jun 2019 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Jul 2019 |
Fingerprint
Keywords
- Automated driving
- Electrodermal Activity
- Eye movement behaviour
- Secondary task
- Trust calibration
- Trust in automation
Cite this
}
Gaze behaviour and electrodermal activity : Objective measures of drivers’ trust in automated vehicles. / Walker, F.; Wang, J.; Martens, M.H.; Verwey, W.B.
In: Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, Vol. 64, 01.07.2019, p. 401-412.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Gaze behaviour and electrodermal activity
T2 - Objective measures of drivers’ trust in automated vehicles
AU - Walker, F.
AU - Wang, J.
AU - Martens, M.H.
AU - Verwey, W.B.
PY - 2019/7/1
Y1 - 2019/7/1
N2 - Studies show that drivers’ intention to use automated vehicles is strongly modulated by trust. It follows that their benefits are unlikely to be achieved if users do not trust them. To date, most studies of trust in automated vehicles have relied on self-reports. However, questionnaires cannot capture real-time changes in drivers’ trust, and are hard to use in applied settings. In previous work, we found evidence that gaze behaviour could provide an effective measure of trust. In this study we tested whether combining gaze behaviour with Electrodermal Activity could provide a stronger metric. The results indicated a strong relationship between self-reported trust, monitoring behaviour and Electrodermal Activity: The higher participants’ self-reported trust, the less they monitored the road, the more attention they paid to a non-driving related secondary task, and the lower their Electrodermal Activity. We also found evidence that combined measures of gaze behaviour and Electrodermal Activity predict self-reported trust better than either of these measures on its own. These findings suggest that such combined measures have the potential to provide a reliable and objective real-time indicator of driver trust.
AB - Studies show that drivers’ intention to use automated vehicles is strongly modulated by trust. It follows that their benefits are unlikely to be achieved if users do not trust them. To date, most studies of trust in automated vehicles have relied on self-reports. However, questionnaires cannot capture real-time changes in drivers’ trust, and are hard to use in applied settings. In previous work, we found evidence that gaze behaviour could provide an effective measure of trust. In this study we tested whether combining gaze behaviour with Electrodermal Activity could provide a stronger metric. The results indicated a strong relationship between self-reported trust, monitoring behaviour and Electrodermal Activity: The higher participants’ self-reported trust, the less they monitored the road, the more attention they paid to a non-driving related secondary task, and the lower their Electrodermal Activity. We also found evidence that combined measures of gaze behaviour and Electrodermal Activity predict self-reported trust better than either of these measures on its own. These findings suggest that such combined measures have the potential to provide a reliable and objective real-time indicator of driver trust.
KW - Automated driving
KW - Electrodermal Activity
KW - Eye movement behaviour
KW - Secondary task
KW - Trust calibration
KW - Trust in automation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85067379265&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.trf.2019.05.021
DO - 10.1016/j.trf.2019.05.021
M3 - Article
VL - 64
SP - 401
EP - 412
JO - Transportation research. Part F: Traffic psychology and behaviour
JF - Transportation research. Part F: Traffic psychology and behaviour
SN - 1369-8478
ER -