Gaze patterns in pedestrian interaction with vehicles: Towards effective design of external human-machine interfaces for automated vehicles

Debargha Dey; Francesco Walker; Marieke Martens; Jacques Terken

doi:10.1145/3342197.3344523

Gaze patterns in pedestrian interaction with vehicles: Towards effective design of external human-machine interfaces for automated vehicles

Debargha Dey, Francesco Walker^*, Marieke Martens, Jacques Terken

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

12 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In road-crossing situations involving negotiation with approaching vehicles, pedestrians need to take into account the behavior of the car before making a decision. To investigate the kind of information about the car that pedestrians seek, and the places where do they look for it, we conducted an eye-tracking study with 26 participants and analyzed the fixation behavior when interacting with a manually-driven vehicle that approached while slowing and displaying a yielding behavior. Results show that a clear pattern of gaze behavior exists for pedestrians in looking at a vehicle during road-crossing situations as a function of the vehicle’s distance. When the car is far away, pedestrians look at the environment or the road space ahead of the car. With the approach, the gaze gradually shifts to the windshield of the car. We conclude by discussing the implications of this insight in the user-centered-design of optimal external Human-Machine-Interfaces for automated vehicles.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings AutomotiveUI 19
Subtitle of host publication	Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications
Publisher	ACM Publishing
Pages	369-378
Number of pages	10
ISBN (Print)	978-1-4503-6884-1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1145/3342197.3344523
Publication status	Published - 21 Sep 2019
Event	11th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, AutomotiveUI 2019 - Utrecht, Netherlands Duration: 22 Sep 2019 → 25 Sep 2019

Conference

Conference	11th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, AutomotiveUI 2019
Abbreviated title	AutomotiveUI 2019
Country	Netherlands
City	Utrecht
Period	22/09/19 → 25/09/19

Keywords

Eye-tracking
Pedestrian behavior
Real-world study
Vehicle-pedestrian interaction
Vulnerable road user (VRU)

Access to Document

10.1145/3342197.3344523

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Cite this

Dey, D., Walker, F., Martens, M., & Terken, J. (2019). Gaze patterns in pedestrian interaction with vehicles: Towards effective design of external human-machine interfaces for automated vehicles. In Proceedings AutomotiveUI 19: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (pp. 369-378). ACM Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1145/3342197.3344523

Dey, Debargha ; Walker, Francesco ; Martens, Marieke ; Terken, Jacques. / Gaze patterns in pedestrian interaction with vehicles : Towards effective design of external human-machine interfaces for automated vehicles. Proceedings AutomotiveUI 19: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. ACM Publishing, 2019. pp. 369-378

@inproceedings{00fc223332e7457096a2e1fe3839fe1f,

title = "Gaze patterns in pedestrian interaction with vehicles: Towards effective design of external human-machine interfaces for automated vehicles",

abstract = "In road-crossing situations involving negotiation with approaching vehicles, pedestrians need to take into account the behavior of the car before making a decision. To investigate the kind of information about the car that pedestrians seek, and the places where do they look for it, we conducted an eye-tracking study with 26 participants and analyzed the fixation behavior when interacting with a manually-driven vehicle that approached while slowing and displaying a yielding behavior. Results show that a clear pattern of gaze behavior exists for pedestrians in looking at a vehicle during road-crossing situations as a function of the vehicle{\textquoteright}s distance. When the car is far away, pedestrians look at the environment or the road space ahead of the car. With the approach, the gaze gradually shifts to the windshield of the car. We conclude by discussing the implications of this insight in the user-centered-design of optimal external Human-Machine-Interfaces for automated vehicles.",

keywords = "Eye-tracking, Pedestrian behavior, Real-world study, Vehicle-pedestrian interaction, Vulnerable road user (VRU)",

author = "Debargha Dey and Francesco Walker and Marieke Martens and Jacques Terken",

year = "2019",

month = sep,

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doi = "10.1145/3342197.3344523",

language = "English",

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pages = "369--378",

booktitle = "Proceedings AutomotiveUI 19",

publisher = "ACM Publishing",

note = "11th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, AutomotiveUI 2019, AutomotiveUI 2019 ; Conference date: 22-09-2019 Through 25-09-2019",

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Dey, D, Walker, F , Martens, M & Terken, J 2019, Gaze patterns in pedestrian interaction with vehicles: Towards effective design of external human-machine interfaces for automated vehicles. in Proceedings AutomotiveUI 19: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. ACM Publishing, pp. 369-378, 11th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, AutomotiveUI 2019, Utrecht, Netherlands, 22/09/19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3342197.3344523

Gaze patterns in pedestrian interaction with vehicles : Towards effective design of external human-machine interfaces for automated vehicles. / Dey, Debargha; Walker, Francesco ; Martens, Marieke; Terken, Jacques.

Proceedings AutomotiveUI 19: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. ACM Publishing, 2019. p. 369-378.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Gaze patterns in pedestrian interaction with vehicles

T2 - 11th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, AutomotiveUI 2019

AU - Dey, Debargha

AU - Walker, Francesco

AU - Martens, Marieke

AU - Terken, Jacques

PY - 2019/9/21

Y1 - 2019/9/21

N2 - In road-crossing situations involving negotiation with approaching vehicles, pedestrians need to take into account the behavior of the car before making a decision. To investigate the kind of information about the car that pedestrians seek, and the places where do they look for it, we conducted an eye-tracking study with 26 participants and analyzed the fixation behavior when interacting with a manually-driven vehicle that approached while slowing and displaying a yielding behavior. Results show that a clear pattern of gaze behavior exists for pedestrians in looking at a vehicle during road-crossing situations as a function of the vehicle’s distance. When the car is far away, pedestrians look at the environment or the road space ahead of the car. With the approach, the gaze gradually shifts to the windshield of the car. We conclude by discussing the implications of this insight in the user-centered-design of optimal external Human-Machine-Interfaces for automated vehicles.

AB - In road-crossing situations involving negotiation with approaching vehicles, pedestrians need to take into account the behavior of the car before making a decision. To investigate the kind of information about the car that pedestrians seek, and the places where do they look for it, we conducted an eye-tracking study with 26 participants and analyzed the fixation behavior when interacting with a manually-driven vehicle that approached while slowing and displaying a yielding behavior. Results show that a clear pattern of gaze behavior exists for pedestrians in looking at a vehicle during road-crossing situations as a function of the vehicle’s distance. When the car is far away, pedestrians look at the environment or the road space ahead of the car. With the approach, the gaze gradually shifts to the windshield of the car. We conclude by discussing the implications of this insight in the user-centered-design of optimal external Human-Machine-Interfaces for automated vehicles.

KW - Eye-tracking

KW - Pedestrian behavior

KW - Real-world study

KW - Vehicle-pedestrian interaction

KW - Vulnerable road user (VRU)

U2 - 10.1145/3342197.3344523

DO - 10.1145/3342197.3344523

M3 - Conference contribution

SN - 978-1-4503-6884-1

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BT - Proceedings AutomotiveUI 19

PB - ACM Publishing

Y2 - 22 September 2019 through 25 September 2019

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Dey D, Walker F , Martens M, Terken J. Gaze patterns in pedestrian interaction with vehicles: Towards effective design of external human-machine interfaces for automated vehicles. In Proceedings AutomotiveUI 19: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. ACM Publishing. 2019. p. 369-378 https://doi.org/10.1145/3342197.3344523