Geo-Identification and Pedestrian Navigation with Geo-Mobile Applications: How Do Users Proceed?

Geo-identifi cation and pedestrian navigation with the use of geo-mobile applications requires a multi source interaction of the users with the environment, the (carto)graphic interface and their mental maps. This interaction is not effectively supported by current implementations that are mostly geared to vehicle navigation. The aim of the research presented in this paper was to look through the ways in which people navigate and orientate themselves in unfamiliar cities or areas supported by mobile map interfaces. In this regard, an experiment with real users and tasks was established in two areas in Amsterdam, based on a research methodology involving a questionnaire, thinking aloud with audio/visual observation and synchronous screen logging and a semi-structured interview. Use was made of a special technical solution that reduces the resources needed for fi eld-based studies and allows for better analysis of the results. The fi ndings of the experiment show the importance of particular landmark types and GPS-independent automatic map orientation for geo-identifi cation and navigation and support further fi eld-based studies on smooth zooming techniques. The research methodology worked well and could be applied to future experiments in order to gain more insight in the mobile users’ interactions in real contexts.