Heterodimetallic Ferrocenyl Dithiophosphonate Complexes of Nickel(II), Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II) as Sensitizers for TiO2-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Tomilola J. Ajayi; Moses Ollengo; Lukas le Roux; Michael N. Pillay; Richard J. Staples; Shannon M. Biros; Kasper Wenderich; Bastian Mei; Werner E. van Zyl

doi:10.1002/slct.201900622

Heterodimetallic Ferrocenyl Dithiophosphonate Complexes of Nickel(II), Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II) as Sensitizers for TiO₂-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Tomilola J. Ajayi, Moses Ollengo, Lukas le Roux, Michael N. Pillay, Richard J. Staples, Shannon M. Biros, Kasper Wenderich, Bastian Mei, Werner E. van Zyl^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Photocatalytic Synthesis

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Abstract

The formation, characterization, and dye sensitized solar cell application of nickel(II), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) ferrocenyl dithiophosphonate complexes were investigated. The multidentate monoanionic ligand [S₂PFc(OH)]⁻ (L1) was synthesized. The reaction between metal salt precursors and L1 produced Ni(II) complexes of the type [Ni{S₂P(Fc)(OH)}₂] (1) (molar ratio 1:2), and a tetranickel(II) complex of the type [Ni₂{S₂OP(Fc)}₂]₂ (2) (molar ratio (1:1). It also produced a Zn(II) complex [Zn{S₂P(Fc)(OH)}₂]₂ (3), and a Cd(II) complex [Cd{S₂P(Fc)(OH)}₂]₂ (4). Complexes 1–4 were characterized by ¹H and ³¹P NMR, FTIR and elemental analysis, and complexes 1 and 2 were additionally analyzed by X-ray crystallography. The first examples of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) co-sensitized with ferrocenyl dithiophosphonate complexes 1–4 are reported. Co-sensitization with the ruthenium dye N719, produced the dye materials (3)-N719 (η=8.30%) and (4)-N719 (η=7.78%), and they were found to have a better overall conversion efficiency than the pure Ru N719 dye standard (η=7.14%) under the same experimental conditions. The DSSCs were characterized using UV/vis, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), photovoltaic- (I−V curves), and performing incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) measurements.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	7416-7424
Number of pages	9
Journal	ChemistrySelect
Volume	4
Issue number	25
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201900622
Publication status	Published - 5 Jul 2019

Keywords

UT-Hybrid-D
DSSC
Electrical impedance spectroscopy
Ferrocenyl-dithiophosphonates
Group 12 elements
Crystal structures
22/4 OA procedure

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10.1002/slct.201900622

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Cite this

@article{e457667facc14bf0981fdd4fda18782f,

title = "Heterodimetallic Ferrocenyl Dithiophosphonate Complexes of Nickel(II), Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II) as Sensitizers for TiO2-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells",

abstract = "The formation, characterization, and dye sensitized solar cell application of nickel(II), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) ferrocenyl dithiophosphonate complexes were investigated. The multidentate monoanionic ligand [S2PFc(OH)]− (L1) was synthesized. The reaction between metal salt precursors and L1 produced Ni(II) complexes of the type [Ni{S2P(Fc)(OH)}2] (1) (molar ratio 1:2), and a tetranickel(II) complex of the type [Ni2{S2OP(Fc)}2]2 (2) (molar ratio (1:1). It also produced a Zn(II) complex [Zn{S2P(Fc)(OH)}2]2 (3), and a Cd(II) complex [Cd{S2P(Fc)(OH)}2]2 (4). Complexes 1–4 were characterized by 1H and 31P NMR, FTIR and elemental analysis, and complexes 1 and 2 were additionally analyzed by X-ray crystallography. The first examples of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) co-sensitized with ferrocenyl dithiophosphonate complexes 1–4 are reported. Co-sensitization with the ruthenium dye N719, produced the dye materials (3)-N719 (η=8.30%) and (4)-N719 (η=7.78%), and they were found to have a better overall conversion efficiency than the pure Ru N719 dye standard (η=7.14%) under the same experimental conditions. The DSSCs were characterized using UV/vis, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), photovoltaic- (I−V curves), and performing incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) measurements.",

keywords = "UT-Hybrid-D, DSSC, Electrical impedance spectroscopy, Ferrocenyl-dithiophosphonates, Group 12 elements, Crystal structures, 22/4 OA procedure",

author = "Ajayi, {Tomilola J.} and Moses Ollengo and {le Roux}, Lukas and Pillay, {Michael N.} and Staples, {Richard J.} and Biros, {Shannon M.} and Kasper Wenderich and Bastian Mei and {van Zyl}, {Werner E.}",

note = "Wiley deal",

year = "2019",

month = jul,

day = "5",

doi = "10.1002/slct.201900622",

language = "English",

volume = "4",

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journal = "ChemistrySelect",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Heterodimetallic Ferrocenyl Dithiophosphonate Complexes of Nickel(II), Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II) as Sensitizers for TiO2-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

AU - Ajayi, Tomilola J.

AU - Ollengo, Moses

AU - le Roux, Lukas

AU - Pillay, Michael N.

AU - Staples, Richard J.

AU - Biros, Shannon M.

AU - Wenderich, Kasper

AU - Mei, Bastian

AU - van Zyl, Werner E.

N1 - Wiley deal

PY - 2019/7/5

Y1 - 2019/7/5

N2 - The formation, characterization, and dye sensitized solar cell application of nickel(II), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) ferrocenyl dithiophosphonate complexes were investigated. The multidentate monoanionic ligand [S2PFc(OH)]− (L1) was synthesized. The reaction between metal salt precursors and L1 produced Ni(II) complexes of the type [Ni{S2P(Fc)(OH)}2] (1) (molar ratio 1:2), and a tetranickel(II) complex of the type [Ni2{S2OP(Fc)}2]2 (2) (molar ratio (1:1). It also produced a Zn(II) complex [Zn{S2P(Fc)(OH)}2]2 (3), and a Cd(II) complex [Cd{S2P(Fc)(OH)}2]2 (4). Complexes 1–4 were characterized by 1H and 31P NMR, FTIR and elemental analysis, and complexes 1 and 2 were additionally analyzed by X-ray crystallography. The first examples of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) co-sensitized with ferrocenyl dithiophosphonate complexes 1–4 are reported. Co-sensitization with the ruthenium dye N719, produced the dye materials (3)-N719 (η=8.30%) and (4)-N719 (η=7.78%), and they were found to have a better overall conversion efficiency than the pure Ru N719 dye standard (η=7.14%) under the same experimental conditions. The DSSCs were characterized using UV/vis, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), photovoltaic- (I−V curves), and performing incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) measurements.

AB - The formation, characterization, and dye sensitized solar cell application of nickel(II), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) ferrocenyl dithiophosphonate complexes were investigated. The multidentate monoanionic ligand [S2PFc(OH)]− (L1) was synthesized. The reaction between metal salt precursors and L1 produced Ni(II) complexes of the type [Ni{S2P(Fc)(OH)}2] (1) (molar ratio 1:2), and a tetranickel(II) complex of the type [Ni2{S2OP(Fc)}2]2 (2) (molar ratio (1:1). It also produced a Zn(II) complex [Zn{S2P(Fc)(OH)}2]2 (3), and a Cd(II) complex [Cd{S2P(Fc)(OH)}2]2 (4). Complexes 1–4 were characterized by 1H and 31P NMR, FTIR and elemental analysis, and complexes 1 and 2 were additionally analyzed by X-ray crystallography. The first examples of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) co-sensitized with ferrocenyl dithiophosphonate complexes 1–4 are reported. Co-sensitization with the ruthenium dye N719, produced the dye materials (3)-N719 (η=8.30%) and (4)-N719 (η=7.78%), and they were found to have a better overall conversion efficiency than the pure Ru N719 dye standard (η=7.14%) under the same experimental conditions. The DSSCs were characterized using UV/vis, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), photovoltaic- (I−V curves), and performing incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) measurements.

KW - UT-Hybrid-D

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KW - Electrical impedance spectroscopy

KW - Ferrocenyl-dithiophosphonates

KW - Group 12 elements

KW - Crystal structures

KW - 22/4 OA procedure

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DO - 10.1002/slct.201900622

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