Hosting Industry Centralization and Consolidation

Luciano Zembruzki; Raffaele Sommese; Lisandro Zambenedetti Granville; Arthur Selle Jacobs; Mattijs Jonker; Giovane C. M. Moura

doi:10.48550/arXiv.2109.01187

Hosting Industry Centralization and Consolidation

Luciano Zembruzki
, Raffaele Sommese
, Lisandro Zambenedetti Granville
, Arthur Selle Jacobs
, Mattijs Jonker
, Giovane C. M. Moura

Research output: Working paper › Preprint › Academic

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Abstract

There have been growing concerns about the concentration and centralization of Internet infrastructure. In this work, we scrutinize the hosting industry on the Internet by using active measurements, covering 19 Top-Level Domains (TLDs). We show how the market is heavily concentrated: 1/3 of the domains are hosted by only 5 hosting providers, all US-based companies. For the country-code TLDs (ccTLDs), however, hosting is primarily done by local, national hosting providers and not by the large American cloud and content providers. We show how shared languages (and borders) shape the hosting market -- German hosting companies have a notable presence in Austrian and Swiss markets, given they all share German as official language. While hosting concentration has been relatively high and stable over the past four years, we see that American hosting companies have been continuously increasing their presence in the market related to high traffic, popular domains within ccTLDs -- except for Russia, notably.

Original language	English
Publisher	ArXiv.org
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2109.01187
Publication status	Published - 2 Sept 2021

Keywords

cs.NI

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10.48550/arXiv.2109.01187Licence: CC BY

PreprintFinal published version, 600 KBLicence: CC BY

1 Conference contribution

Hosting Industry Centralization and Consolidation
Zembruzki, L., Sommese, R., Granville, L. Z., Selle Jabocs, A., Jonker, M. & Moura, G., 9 Jun 2022, Proceedings of the IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium 2022: Network and Service Management in the Era of Cloudification, Softwarization and Artificial Intelligence, NOMS 2022. Varga, P., Granville, L. Z., Galis, A., Godor, I., Limam, N., Chemouil, P., Francois, J. & Pahl, M.-O. (eds.). p. 1-9 9 p.
Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

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Cite this

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title = "Hosting Industry Centralization and Consolidation",

abstract = " There have been growing concerns about the concentration and centralization of Internet infrastructure. In this work, we scrutinize the hosting industry on the Internet by using active measurements, covering 19 Top-Level Domains (TLDs). We show how the market is heavily concentrated: 1/3 of the domains are hosted by only 5 hosting providers, all US-based companies. For the country-code TLDs (ccTLDs), however, hosting is primarily done by local, national hosting providers and not by the large American cloud and content providers. We show how shared languages (and borders) shape the hosting market -- German hosting companies have a notable presence in Austrian and Swiss markets, given they all share German as official language. While hosting concentration has been relatively high and stable over the past four years, we see that American hosting companies have been continuously increasing their presence in the market related to high traffic, popular domains within ccTLDs -- except for Russia, notably. ",

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AU - Jacobs, Arthur Selle

AU - Jonker, Mattijs

AU - Moura, Giovane C. M.

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N2 - There have been growing concerns about the concentration and centralization of Internet infrastructure. In this work, we scrutinize the hosting industry on the Internet by using active measurements, covering 19 Top-Level Domains (TLDs). We show how the market is heavily concentrated: 1/3 of the domains are hosted by only 5 hosting providers, all US-based companies. For the country-code TLDs (ccTLDs), however, hosting is primarily done by local, national hosting providers and not by the large American cloud and content providers. We show how shared languages (and borders) shape the hosting market -- German hosting companies have a notable presence in Austrian and Swiss markets, given they all share German as official language. While hosting concentration has been relatively high and stable over the past four years, we see that American hosting companies have been continuously increasing their presence in the market related to high traffic, popular domains within ccTLDs -- except for Russia, notably.

AB - There have been growing concerns about the concentration and centralization of Internet infrastructure. In this work, we scrutinize the hosting industry on the Internet by using active measurements, covering 19 Top-Level Domains (TLDs). We show how the market is heavily concentrated: 1/3 of the domains are hosted by only 5 hosting providers, all US-based companies. For the country-code TLDs (ccTLDs), however, hosting is primarily done by local, national hosting providers and not by the large American cloud and content providers. We show how shared languages (and borders) shape the hosting market -- German hosting companies have a notable presence in Austrian and Swiss markets, given they all share German as official language. While hosting concentration has been relatively high and stable over the past four years, we see that American hosting companies have been continuously increasing their presence in the market related to high traffic, popular domains within ccTLDs -- except for Russia, notably.

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ER -

Hosting Industry Centralization and Consolidation

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Hosting Industry Centralization and Consolidation

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