Impact on soft sand: Void collapse and jet formation

Detlef Lohse; R.P.H.M. Bergmann; R. Mikkelsen; C. Zeilstra; Roger M. van der Meer; Michel Versluis; J.P. van der Weele; Martin Anton van der Hoef; J.A.M. Kuipers

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.198003

Impact on soft sand: Void collapse and jet formation

Detlef Lohse, R.P.H.M. Bergmann, R. Mikkelsen, C. Zeilstra, Roger M. van der Meer, Michel Versluis, J.P. van der Weele, Martin Anton van der Hoef, J.A.M. Kuipers

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

154 Citations (Scopus)

202 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Very fine sand is prepared in a well-defined and fully decompactified state by letting gas bubble through it. After turning off the gas stream, a steel ball is dropped on the sand. On impact of the ball, sand is blown away in all directions ("splash") and an impact crater forms. When this cavity collapses, a granular jet emerges and is driven straight into the air. A second jet goes downwards into the air bubble entrained during the process, thus pushing surface material deep into the ground. The air bubble rises slowly towards the surface, causing a granular eruption. In addition to the experiments and the discrete particle simulations we present a simple continuum theory to account for the void collapse leading to the formation of the upward and downward jets.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	198003-1-198003-4
Number of pages	4
Journal	Physical review letters
Volume	93
Issue number	19
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.198003
Publication status	Published - 2004

Keywords

METIS-221017
IR-49050

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10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.198003

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title = "Impact on soft sand: Void collapse and jet formation",

abstract = "Very fine sand is prepared in a well-defined and fully decompactified state by letting gas bubble through it. After turning off the gas stream, a steel ball is dropped on the sand. On impact of the ball, sand is blown away in all directions ({"}splash{"}) and an impact crater forms. When this cavity collapses, a granular jet emerges and is driven straight into the air. A second jet goes downwards into the air bubble entrained during the process, thus pushing surface material deep into the ground. The air bubble rises slowly towards the surface, causing a granular eruption. In addition to the experiments and the discrete particle simulations we present a simple continuum theory to account for the void collapse leading to the formation of the upward and downward jets.",

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author = "Detlef Lohse and R.P.H.M. Bergmann and R. Mikkelsen and C. Zeilstra and {van der Meer}, {Roger M.} and Michel Versluis and {van der Weele}, J.P. and {van der Hoef}, {Martin Anton} and J.A.M. Kuipers",

note = "See also {"} Science News{"} 166, page 19 (July 10, 2004) ",

year = "2004",

doi = "10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.198003",

language = "English",

volume = "93",

pages = "198003--1--198003--4",

journal = "Physical review letters",

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Impact on soft sand: Void collapse and jet formation. / Lohse, Detlef; Bergmann, R.P.H.M.; Mikkelsen, R.; Zeilstra, C.; van der Meer, Roger M.; Versluis, Michel; van der Weele, J.P.; van der Hoef, Martin Anton; Kuipers, J.A.M.

In: Physical review letters, Vol. 93, No. 19, 2004, p. 198003-1-198003-4.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Impact on soft sand: Void collapse and jet formation

AU - Lohse, Detlef

AU - Bergmann, R.P.H.M.

AU - Mikkelsen, R.

AU - Zeilstra, C.

AU - van der Meer, Roger M.

AU - Versluis, Michel

AU - van der Weele, J.P.

AU - van der Hoef, Martin Anton

AU - Kuipers, J.A.M.

N1 - See also " Science News" 166, page 19 (July 10, 2004)

PY - 2004

Y1 - 2004

N2 - Very fine sand is prepared in a well-defined and fully decompactified state by letting gas bubble through it. After turning off the gas stream, a steel ball is dropped on the sand. On impact of the ball, sand is blown away in all directions ("splash") and an impact crater forms. When this cavity collapses, a granular jet emerges and is driven straight into the air. A second jet goes downwards into the air bubble entrained during the process, thus pushing surface material deep into the ground. The air bubble rises slowly towards the surface, causing a granular eruption. In addition to the experiments and the discrete particle simulations we present a simple continuum theory to account for the void collapse leading to the formation of the upward and downward jets.

AB - Very fine sand is prepared in a well-defined and fully decompactified state by letting gas bubble through it. After turning off the gas stream, a steel ball is dropped on the sand. On impact of the ball, sand is blown away in all directions ("splash") and an impact crater forms. When this cavity collapses, a granular jet emerges and is driven straight into the air. A second jet goes downwards into the air bubble entrained during the process, thus pushing surface material deep into the ground. The air bubble rises slowly towards the surface, causing a granular eruption. In addition to the experiments and the discrete particle simulations we present a simple continuum theory to account for the void collapse leading to the formation of the upward and downward jets.

KW - METIS-221017

KW - IR-49050

U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.198003

DO - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.198003

M3 - Article

VL - 93

SP - 198003-1-198003-4

JO - Physical review letters

JF - Physical review letters

SN - 0031-9007

IS - 19

ER -