Implementation, Application and Utilization of 'Smart Systems' in the Real and Virtual World

Human aspects, and cognitive and emotional engineering of personalized ubiquitous, pervasive and cyber-physical systems -Competitive engineering education, advanced educational systems, and blended education in the fields of complex systems. Rapid scientific growth and technological discoveries, as well as competition among companies and in industry for their slice of the market, have placed a great deal of emphasis on new products,1 which draw heavily on innovation and resources. The creative skills and analytical ability of humans play an important role. The digital twin as ‘a set of virtual information constructs that fully describes potential or actual physical manufactured product from the micro atomic level to the macro geometrical level.’ 2 A Digital Twin is an integrated multi-physics, multiscale, probabilistic simulation of an as-built vehicle or system that uses the best available physical models, sensor updates, fleet history, etc., to mirror the life of its corresponding flying twin.