TY - JOUR
T1 - Improving the performance of polymer-flooding produced water electrodialysis through the application of pulsed electric field
AU - Sosa-Fernandez, P. A.
AU - Post, J. W.
AU - Ramdlan, M. S.
AU - Leermakers, F. A.M.
AU - Bruning, H.
AU - Rijnaarts, H. H.M.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was performed in the cooperation framework of Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology ( www.wetsus.nl ). Wetsus is co-funded by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment, the European Union Regional Development Fund, the Province of Fryslân, and the Northern Netherlands Provinces. This research has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 665874 . We are grateful to the participants of the research theme “Desalination” for fruitful discussions and financial support. The authors also would like to thank Ms. María Andrés Torres for performing the membrane resistance measurements.
Funding Information:
This work was performed in the cooperation framework of Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology (www.wetsus.nl). Wetsus is co-funded by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment, the European Union Regional Development Fund, the Province of Frysl?n, and the Northern Netherlands Provinces. This research has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sk?odowska-Curie grant agreement No. 665874. We are grateful to the participants of the research theme ?Desalination? for fruitful discussions and financial support. The authors also would like to thank Ms. Mar?a Andr?s Torres for performing the membrane resistance measurements. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Authors
PY - 2020/6/15
Y1 - 2020/6/15
N2 - Concentration polarization and fouling hamper the desalination of polymer-flooding produced water (PFPW) via electrodialysis (ED). This water is an abundant by-product from the oil and gas industry. A common technique to mitigate both problems is the application of pulsed electric field (PEF), which consists in supplying a constant current during a short time (pulse) followed by a time without current (pause). Accordingly, this work evaluated the application of PEF during the ED of PFPW to improve the process performance and to reduce fouling incidences. The experimental work consisted in performing ED batch runs in a laboratory-scale stack containing commercial ion exchange membranes. Synthetic PFPW was desalinated under different operating regimes until a fixed number of charges were passed. After each experiment, a membrane pair was recovered from the stack and analyzed through diverse techniques. The application of PEF improved the ED performance in terms of demineralization percentage and energy consumption, the latter having reductions of 36% compared to the continuous mode. In general, the shorter the pulses, the higher the demineralization rate and the lower the energy consumption. Regarding the application of different pause lengths, longer pauses yielded lower energy consumptions, but also lower demineralization. Amorphous precipitates composed of polymer and calcium fouled most on the anion and cation exchange membranes, independently of the applied current regime, but in a moderate amount. Finally, the present study relates the observed effects of PEF application to the electrophoresis and diffusion of HPAM, and shows that PEF is a sound option to enhance the desalination of PFPW.
AB - Concentration polarization and fouling hamper the desalination of polymer-flooding produced water (PFPW) via electrodialysis (ED). This water is an abundant by-product from the oil and gas industry. A common technique to mitigate both problems is the application of pulsed electric field (PEF), which consists in supplying a constant current during a short time (pulse) followed by a time without current (pause). Accordingly, this work evaluated the application of PEF during the ED of PFPW to improve the process performance and to reduce fouling incidences. The experimental work consisted in performing ED batch runs in a laboratory-scale stack containing commercial ion exchange membranes. Synthetic PFPW was desalinated under different operating regimes until a fixed number of charges were passed. After each experiment, a membrane pair was recovered from the stack and analyzed through diverse techniques. The application of PEF improved the ED performance in terms of demineralization percentage and energy consumption, the latter having reductions of 36% compared to the continuous mode. In general, the shorter the pulses, the higher the demineralization rate and the lower the energy consumption. Regarding the application of different pause lengths, longer pauses yielded lower energy consumptions, but also lower demineralization. Amorphous precipitates composed of polymer and calcium fouled most on the anion and cation exchange membranes, independently of the applied current regime, but in a moderate amount. Finally, the present study relates the observed effects of PEF application to the electrophoresis and diffusion of HPAM, and shows that PEF is a sound option to enhance the desalination of PFPW.
KW - Concentration polarization
KW - Electrodialysis
KW - Membrane fouling
KW - Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide
KW - Polymer-flooding produced water
KW - Pulsed electric field
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85082072607&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.desal.2020.114424
DO - 10.1016/j.desal.2020.114424
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85082072607
VL - 484
JO - Desalination
JF - Desalination
SN - 0011-9164
M1 - 114424
ER -