Integration of Solar Cells on Top of CMOS Chips - Part II: CIGS Solar Cells

Jiwu Lu, Wei Liu, Alexey Y. Kovalgin, Yun Sun, Jurriaan Schmitz

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

    8 Citations (Scopus)
    290 Downloads (Pure)

    Abstract

    We present the monolithic integration of deepsubmicrometer complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) microchips with copper indium gallium (di)selenide (CIGS) solar cells. Solar cells are manufactured directly on unpackaged CMOS chips. The microchips maintain comparable electronic performance, and the solar cells on top show an efficiency of 8.4±0.8% and a yield of 84%, both values being close to the glass reference. The main integration issues, i.e., adhesion, surface topography, metal ion contamination, process temperature, and mechanical stress, can be resolved while maintaining standard photovoltaic processing. A tight process window is found for the manufacturing of CIGS solar cells on the CMOS side of the microchip. More process margin exists for backside integration.
    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)2620-2627
    Number of pages8
    JournalIEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
    Volume58
    Issue number8
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 1 Aug 2011

    Keywords

    • 2024 OA procedure

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