Lightweight public key infrastructure for the Internet of Things: A systematic literature review

The Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed everyday environments into interconnected cyber–physical systems, enabling automation and assistance for diverse applications such as home automation and disability support. However, IoT security remains a critical concern, particularly in the realm of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). Traditional PKI solutions are often impractical for IoT devices due to their resource limitations, prompting the development of “lightweight” PKI solutions in recent academic research. This article presents a comprehensive Systematic Literature Review (SLR) focused on articles published between 2008 and 2022 that explore lightweight PKI solutions tailored for IoT. The review categorizes current trends, identifies challenges, and highlights potential opportunities in the field. Despite the promise of lightweight PKI for IoT, significant implementation barriers persist. The article concludes by outlining key steps for developing effective lightweight PKI solutions and offers practical recommendations to address these challenges.