TY - JOUR
T1 - Local Bacteriophage Delivery for Treatment and Prevention of Bacterial Infections
AU - Rotman, Stijn Gerard
AU - Sumrall, Eric
AU - Ziadlou, Reihane
AU - Grijpma, Dirk W.
AU - Richards, Robert Geoff
AU - Eglin, David
AU - Moriarty, Thomas Fintan
PY - 2020/9/18
Y1 - 2020/9/18
N2 - As viruses with high specificity for their bacterial hosts, bacteriophages (phages) are an attractive means to eradicate bacteria, and their potential has been recognized by a broad range of industries. Against a background of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria, bacteriophages have received much attention as a possible “last-resort” strategy to treat infections. The use of bacteriophages in human patients is limited by their sensitivity to acidic pH, enzymatic attack and short serum half-life. Loading phage within a biomaterial can shield the incorporated phage against many of these harmful environmental factors, and in addition, provide controlled release for prolonged therapeutic activity. In this review, we assess the different classes of biomaterials (i.e., biopolymers, synthetic polymers, and ceramics) that have been used for phage delivery and describe the processing methodologies that are compatible with phage embedding or encapsulation. We also elaborate on the clinical or pre-clinical data generated using these materials. While a primary focus is placed on the application of phage-loaded materials for treatment of infection, we also include studies from other translatable fields such as food preservation and animal husbandry. Finally, we summarize trends in the literature and identify current barriers that currently prevent clinical application of phage-loaded biomaterials.
AB - As viruses with high specificity for their bacterial hosts, bacteriophages (phages) are an attractive means to eradicate bacteria, and their potential has been recognized by a broad range of industries. Against a background of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria, bacteriophages have received much attention as a possible “last-resort” strategy to treat infections. The use of bacteriophages in human patients is limited by their sensitivity to acidic pH, enzymatic attack and short serum half-life. Loading phage within a biomaterial can shield the incorporated phage against many of these harmful environmental factors, and in addition, provide controlled release for prolonged therapeutic activity. In this review, we assess the different classes of biomaterials (i.e., biopolymers, synthetic polymers, and ceramics) that have been used for phage delivery and describe the processing methodologies that are compatible with phage embedding or encapsulation. We also elaborate on the clinical or pre-clinical data generated using these materials. While a primary focus is placed on the application of phage-loaded materials for treatment of infection, we also include studies from other translatable fields such as food preservation and animal husbandry. Finally, we summarize trends in the literature and identify current barriers that currently prevent clinical application of phage-loaded biomaterials.
KW - bacteriophage
KW - beads
KW - embedding
KW - encapsulation
KW - hydrogel
KW - infection
KW - local delivery
KW - sustained release
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85091903295&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fmicb.2020.538060
DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2020.538060
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85091903295
SN - 1664-302X
VL - 11
JO - Frontiers in microbiology
JF - Frontiers in microbiology
M1 - 538060
ER -