@inbook{82521de5f01848b8906a71247885808e,
title = "Mid-infrared fiber lasers",
abstract = "The current state of the art in mid-infrared fiber lasers is reviewed in this chapter. The relevant fiber-host materials such as silicates, fluorides, chalcogenides, and ceramics, the fiber, pump, and resonator geometries, and the spectroscopic properties of rare-earth ions are introduced. Lasers at transitions ranging from 1.9 to 4 μm occurring in the rare-earth ions Tm3+, Ho3+, and Er3+ and their population mechanisms are discussed on the basis of the fundamental spectroscopic properties of these ions. Continuous-wave, fundamental-mode power levels ranging from a few mW near 4 μm up to ≈ 10W near 2 μm have been demonstrated in recent years. Power-scaling methods and their limitations, the possibilities to optimize the population mechanisms and increase the efficiencies of these lasers, as well as the prospects of future mid-infrared fiber lasers in a number of rare-earth ions at transitions in the wavelength range beyond 3 μm and extending to 5 μm are described.",
keywords = "IR-70147, EWI-17601, IOMS-APD: Active Photonic Devices",
author = "Markus Pollnau and Jackson, {Stuart D.}",
note = "http://www.springer.com/physics/optics+&+lasers/book/978-3-540-00621-3",
year = "2003",
doi = "10.1007/3-540-36491-9",
language = "Undefined",
isbn = "978-3-540-00621-3",
series = "Topics in Applied Physics",
publisher = "Springer",
pages = "219--253",
editor = "I.T. Sorokina and K.L. Vodopyanov",
booktitle = "Solid-State Mid-Infrared Laser Sources",
address = "Germany",
}