Model versus nature: Hydrodynamics in mangrove pneumatophores

Erik M. Horstman, Karin R. Bryan, Julia C. Mullarney, Conrad A. Pilditch

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contributionAcademicpeer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)
83 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Water flows through submerged and emergent vegetation control the transport and deposition of sediment in coastal wetlands. Many past studies into the hydrodynamics of vegetation fields have used idealized vegetation mimics, mostly rigid dowels of uniform height. In this study, a canopy of real mangrove pneumatophores was reconstructed in a flume to quantify flow and turbulence within and above this canopy. At a constant flow forcing, an increase in pneumatophore density, from 71 m-2 to 268 m-2, was found to cause a reduction of the within-canopy flow velocities, whereas the over-canopy flows increased. Within-canopy velocities reduced to 46% and 27% of the free-stream velocities for the lowest and highest pneumatophore densities, respectively, resulting in stronger vertical shear and hence greater turbulence production around the top of the denser pneumatophore canopies. The maximum Reynolds stress was observed at 1.5 times the average pneumatophore height, in contrast to uniform-height canopies, in which the maximum occurs at approximately the height of the vegetation. The ratios of the within-canopy velocity to the free-stream velocity for the pneumatophores were found to be similar to previous observations with uniform-height vegetation mimics for the same vegetation densities. However, maxima of the scaled friction velocity were two times smaller over the real pneumatophore canopies than for idealized dowel canopies, due to the reduced velocity gradients over the variable-height pneumatophores compared to uniform-height dowels. These findings imply that results from previous studies with idealized and uniform vegetation mimics may have limited application when considering sediment transport and deposition in real vegetation, as the observed turbulence characteristics in non-uniform canopies deviate significantly from those in dowel canopies.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationProceedings of the 35th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, ICCE 2016
EditorsPatrick Lynett
PublisherAmerican Society of Civil Engineers
Volume35
ISBN (Electronic)9780989661133
Publication statusPublished - 2016
Externally publishedYes
Event35th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, ICCE 2016 - Mardan Palace, Antalya, Turkey
Duration: 17 Nov 201620 Nov 2016
Conference number: 35
http://icce2016.com/en/

Conference

Conference35th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, ICCE 2016
Abbreviated titleICCE 2016
Country/TerritoryTurkey
CityAntalya
Period17/11/1620/11/16
Internet address

Keywords

  • Flow profiles
  • Flume experiments
  • Pneumatophores
  • Turbulence production
  • Vegetated flows

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