@inbook{73a41b770cad4f0997f32877abebe1a5,
title = "Multipath effects in static and kinematic GPS surveying",
abstract = "We discuss multipath signal variations and multipath induced relative position errors in static and kinematic differential GPS positioning. In the static mode, constraints regarding the location of survey sites (urban surveys) may contaminate the carrier. Two short baselines (400 and 100 m) observed for one hour with the TRIMBLE microstrip antenna were selected to illustrate limitations resulting from multipath in an urban environment. Baseline components convergence in the presence of multipath is two times slower compared to convergence in a clean environment. In kinematic mode, the inability to average out the effect on the moving platform may introduce relative position errors that are significant at the decimeter accuracy level. By treating TI4100 static data collected over a 24 meters baseline as if they were observed on a moving platform, we show that relative position errors of the order of several centimeters may result from multipath interference.",
keywords = "PGM, ADLIB-ART-1811",
author = "Yola Georgiadou and Alfred Kleusberg",
note = "In: Global positioning system : an overview : 102th symposium, Edinburgh, Scotland, 7-8 August 1989 / ed. by Y. Bock and N. Leppard. - : Springer, 1990. ISBN 0-387-97266-8. pp. 82-89 SYMPOSIUM ",
year = "1990",
doi = "10.1007/978-1-4615-7111-7_7",
language = "English",
isbn = "978-0-387-97266-4",
series = "International Association of Geodesy Symposia (IAG SYMPOSIA)",
publisher = "Springer",
pages = "82--89",
editor = "Y. Bock and N. Leppard",
booktitle = "Global positioning system : an overview",
address = "Germany",
}