Multiscale analysis of the effects of acidic and Mg-scavenging reactive fluids on olivine dissolution

Olivine ([Mg,Fe]₂SiO₄) is a promising feedstock for carbon mineralization, as Mg released during dissolution forms stable carbonate minerals. However, its slow dissolution kinetics limit large-scale application. Strategies to enhance dissolution have been proposed, yet the interplay between surface-controlled processes and solution chemistry remains poorly understood. Using in-situ Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), we investigate how reactive solution composition affects olivine surface morphology. Dissolution proceeds through etch-pit formation and retraction, with pit size and shape strongly dependent on electrolyte chemistry. In particular, oxalic acid promotes accelerated pit growth and distinct morphologies.